New information technologies, which have appeared relatively recently and have been rapidly developing over the past 20 years, have become quite dense in our lives.

It is difficult to imagine a modern person without mobile communications, computer and Internet skills. We live in the 21st century - the century of high-speed information transfer. Now appreciated: the speed of transmission and reception new information,

Skill quick analysis, processing of the received material.

One of the main criteria for assessing the professionalism of a teacher is the possession of modern educational technologies, including not only the use of a computer, but also various means of technology and communication.

At the present stage, in connection with the strategy of modernization of education, the main points of the modern school are quality, efficiency and accessibility.

Modernization dictates the need to develop the cognitive interests, abilities and capabilities of the child. The lesson should be bright, spectacular, emotional, and most importantly - productive. These factors primarily depend on the teacher and his professionalism.The Education Modernization Strategy emphasizes the need to change teaching methods and technologies at all levels, to increase the weight of those that form practical skills in information analysis, self-study, stimulate independent work of students, form the experience of responsible choice and responsible activity. There was a need fornew learning model built on the basis of modern information technologies that implements the principles of student-centered education.Thus, the following requirements for the school of the future can be distinguished:

The school must develop the creative potential of each student, i.e. implement a personal approach in the learning process.

The school must teach the student how to learn. Learn to work with information.

Both teachers and students must master information and telecommunication technologies.

Therefore, it is necessary to restructure the traditional lesson, focusing on the requirements for the education of modern society and man.

Information technology-a set of methods, production processes and software and hardware tools, united by a technological process and providing the collection, storage, processing, output and distribution of information to reduce the complexity of the processes of using information resources, increase their reliability and efficiency.

The process of data processing in the EIS is impossible without the use oftechnical means, which includecomputer, input-output devices, office equipment, communication lines, network equipment.

Computer technologies of education- these are the processes of preparing and transmitting information to the student, the means of implementation of which is a computer.

Computer teaching aids are called interactive, they have the ability to: "respond" to the actions of the student and teacher,

engage in dialogue with them.

The computer can be used at all stages of the lesson. At the same time, at various stages of the lesson, it performs various functions:

teachers

working tool,

object of study,

collaborating team,

Leisure (game) environment

Computer lesson -
any lesson using a computer as a learning tool.

Intensity of computer use:

0% of the lesson time - an ordinary lesson,

Partial use - computer lesson,

100% of the lesson time - in fact, there is no lesson, there is computer training.

The introduction of information technologies into the learning process of schoolchildren provides

Access to various information resources and contributes to the enrichment of learning content,

Gives it a logical and exploratory character,

Solves the problems of finding ways and means

Information technology contributes to:

• activating the cognitive interest of students,
• development of their creative abilities,
• mental stimulation,
• stimulation of independence
• organization of individual training,
• satisfaction of educational needs.

The use of ICT technologies in the classroom is necessary - this is the requirement of the time, which diversifies the lesson, allows you to increase its density, activate the work of students.

Types of computer technologies:

Computer demonstration technology -educational information about the object under study.

Computer simulation technology- a set of techniques, methods, processing methods, information exchange, transportation, broadcasting of information presented in any form (symbolic, textual, graphic, audio-video information) using modern means of communication that provide information interaction between users. Modeling - representation of various characteristics of the behavior of a physical or abstract system using another system.

Math modeling- a method of studying processes and phenomena on their mathematical models.

Technology of using programmed learning environments. This is the user's interaction with software system characterized by the implementation of more advanced means of dialogue. At the same time, it is possible to choose options for the content of educational material, the mode of working with it. The interactive mode of user interaction with the software system is characterized by the fact that each of his requests causes a response from the system and, conversely, a replica of the latter requires the user's response. Job in a mobile computer class. Each computer hassimulator program. For example: Students individually solve spelling problems for different rules.

Indispensable in the lessons of consolidation and controlcomputer testing technology.A huge number of electronic educational resources have appeared on the network, which are an extensive system of online tests for each topic studied. This ICT technology is an excellent tool for implementing multi-level learning technology. The teacher has the opportunity to help the weak, to pay attention to the strong, the desire of strong students to move faster and deeper in education is realized. Strong students are affirmed in their abilities, weak students get the opportunity to experience educational success, and the level of learning motivation increases. Weak students can be offered a traditional test. The material in it is presented less voluminous, structured, uniform. Strong students can orient themselves in multi-level tests, perform several types of work in a lesson, and get several marks. Of course, such lessons require additional technical equipment.

Project based learning technologyhas long taken its place in the teaching system of many teachers and is not new. Nevertheless, its advantages are obvious: work on this method makes it possible to develop the individual creative abilities of students, to approach professional and social self-determination more consciously. I also use design technologies, but always with ICT support. The output product of any such project should be a digital educational resource that can then be used by any participant in the educational process.

Forms of organization of e-learning:

• Information and training programs
• Ready-made electronic manuals
• Presentations
• Encyclopedias on CD
• computer tutorials
• Internet

Information and training programs.There is currently a market in Russia special programs, created for use as a learning tool (didactic tool) in lessons in various subjects. To date, there are dozens of various educational programs available on a PC, CD or on the Internet. These include:

Programs - libraries(collections of various texts), equipped with search engines. They are also the electronic version of paper editions.

Tutoring programs- focused on the final stage of education (example: intensive preparation for the exam).

Zadachnik - programsthat allow you to organize the process of acquiring new knowledge in an exciting way. In form, these programs resemble games, but in fact they contain serious learning tasks.

Study guides.

Tutorials.

Presentations

• Increase interest in the lesson;
• Can be used throughout the lesson or fragmented;
• Compact lesson material;
• Time saving:
• tests, independent work, generalization and systematization of knowledge;
• Various programs
• constructions, video clips and animations.

Preparation of presentations is a creative process, often a joint activity of a teacher and a student. Presentations are effectively used at various stages of the lesson and in extracurricular activities, which allows you to quickly and deeply perceive the material being studied. When preparing a presentation, the student does a great deal of research work, uses a large number of sources of information, shows a creative approach to the subject being studied. In the process of demonstrating the presentation, he gains experience in public speaking, and can act as a teacher. As a rule, it takes about three hours to prepare one presentation using excerpts from multimedia encyclopedias, graphics and animation tools, and audio tools.

Encyclopedias on CD.

These discs contain not only illustrations, videos, but also texts that have already been adapted for children's perception

computer tutorials

• Textbooks, problem books, reference books, encyclopedias;
• Various building programs;
• Video clips and animations of experiments and experiments;
• Virtual laboratory, practical work;
• Tests, independent work;
• Generalization and systematization of the material for preparation for certification

Electronic interactive whiteboard - modern digital device

All information, as well as all programs, lesson development, sounds, videos, etc. can be found on the web Internet. The Internet has a huge potential for educational services (e-mail, search engines, electronic conferences) and becomes an integral part of modern education. Receiving educationally significant information from the network, the following skills are acquired: purposefully find information and systematize it according to given criteria; to see the information as a whole, and not in fragments, to highlight the main thing in the information message.The Internet presents a huge opportunity for users, whose worldwide network includes e-mail, gives access to graphic and multimedia content of the Web. The concept of multimedia includes a multi-compact information environment, the totality of which is textual information (texts, numerical data), audio sequence (speech, music, sound effects), video sequence (animation, video, graphic images). There are also search engines, channels for negotiations and discussions in real time, games, news. Without leaving home and without visiting libraries, you can find the latest information, because the Internet has a huge number of paid and free databases and a wide variety of knowledge. With the help of the Internet, you can access many correspondence courses, take part in discussions, and find information about almost any type of human activity.From the available database, the teacher can select text content, documents, different kinds visualization, recommendations for their use in the educational process. There are lesson developments, cognitive tasks, games, slide films

High school students not only use the information contained on the Internet, but also read the publication of new data in real time. They become active users of computer technology: they design models of concepts, evaluate their preparedness and quality of work. In the process of completing the task, the student can modify the text received from the Web, select illustrations and put forward their arguments, building the logic of the proof.

With the help of the Internet, a remote form of presentation of elective courses, the organization of network optional classes is possible. High school students study history on the basis of a remote multimedia educational and methodical complex - the computer "History of the Fatherland. 1882-1917". E-mail allows students to consult and edit their materials, to give answers within the forum. In turn, students take part in remote team competitions and olympiads, create a new product together with other teams.

Students working with a computer form a higher level of self-educational skills, the ability to navigate a huge flow of information, the ability to analyze, compare, argue, generalize, and draw conclusions. The use of ICT makes it possible to conduct integrated lessons, for example, history and the MHC.

Using information technology, the teacher should not forget about safety when working with a computer.

Positive aspects of ICT:

• The educational material is contained in a volume exceeding the capabilities of traditional types of educational literature;
• The possibility of organizing individual work, the technology of level differentiation is used, the use of additional motivational levers;
• Contains a large illustrative material;
• Contributes to a more in-depth study of the subject;

• increasing the level of student activity, developing the ability of alternative thinking, developing the ability to develop a strategy for finding solutions to both educational and practical problems;
• acquiring the ability to learn the patterns of subject areas and the environment in an integrated way, about all interconnections and dependencies;
• the ability to predict the results of the implementation of the decisions made on the basis of modeling the studied objects, phenomena, processes and the relationships between them about the entire relationship and dependence;

Disadvantages of ICT:

• minimizing the limited in the educational process live communication between teachers and schoolchildren, students among themselves, offering them communication in the form of a “dialogue with a computer”
• distraction of the student's attention in the learning process due to the colossal volumes of information;
• decrease in the effectiveness of teaching and educating schoolchildren due to the use of information resources,
• the formation of template thinking, a formal and non-initiative attitude to activity, etc.;
• the negative impact of excessive and unjustified use of informatization tools on the health of all participants in the educational process.

A professional teacher is a person who is ready to independently master various software tools and resources; able to create their own educational resources and projects, willingly spreading his teaching experience.

Literature

Organization of an instrumental computer environment for organizing lessons in primary school. - St. Petersburg: Publishing house. "Anatolia", 2003. Molokov Yu. G. Information technologies in traditional elementary school // Primary education. 2002. - No. 2.

Shapoval I.O. The use of information technology in the work of a primary school teacher

Municipal general educational state institution

middle School of General education

town of Oparino, Kirov region

Computer in a society of people

Abstract on informatics and ICT

9th grade students "B"

Zvik Natalia

Supervisor

Richter Natalia Anatolievna

Oparino - 2016 Table of contents

Introduction

Today's life is unimaginable without computers, they have become an integral part of it.

But the first computer appeared more than half a century ago in the United States. This event was connected, on the one hand, with advances in the field of electronics, and, on the other hand, with the needs of mathematicians, physicists, and other specialists in the automation of calculations. Early models of computers were called electronic computers (ECMs). The high cost and the need for special education limited their widespread use. For many years, computers remained only a tool for scientific calculations.

At first, both the scientists who created the new machine (J. Ogli and J. Kkert) and entrepreneurs did not see any special opportunities for its use in the economy, business and other harmless areas (since, after all, the main purpose of this machine was to carry out calculations to create new weapon systems).

Now this episode can only be regarded as a curiosity associated with forecasting errors. And with the start of mass production of parts for computers, reducing their dimensions, weight hundreds and thousands of times compared with the first samples, it became possible to install a new generation computer (80s) on the desktop. The price of such a computer has also dropped significantly. Now it has become available not only to rich firms, but also to individual citizens. The computer approached the person and began to be called personal. Moreover, science has found that many intellectual operations are represented as fairly large and complex sets of elementary, logical and arithmetic ones. This made it possible to simulate on modern computers many of the functions that were previously considered the prerogative of man. Today, machines prove mathematical theorems, analyze monuments of world literature, play chess and perform many other actions that until recently could only be performed by an intellectually developed, qualified specialist.

The computer is just an instrument of human activity and, like any other instrument, is used by society to solve problems and achieve goals that are determined by its social, economic, ideological characteristics.

The development of civilization already in the early stages dramatically increased the number of "business" papers - all kinds of certificates, reports, statements, etc. Not counted thousands of scribes worked in numerous offices. But the further development of civilization made it possible to facilitate the work of man. The use of desktop and then pocket calculators greatly simplified the calculation technique and provided significant assistance to accountants, engineers and people of other professions. And also, more and more often, we are faced with computer technology and its activities when paying bills, calculating salaries, ordering tickets, etc.

You will not surprise anyone with the huge speed of computers, their small size and large memory. And we can say with confidence that the improvement of these smart machines will continue.

1. A personal computer is not a luxury

From the first days of its appearance to this day, personal computers remain very popular. What is the reason for their success and what are they for? The computer is universal remedy for storage, processing and transmission of information. He is able to do a lot of useful things and thereby make life easier for the user - a person working at a computer.

We live in the world of computers. They play an essential role in our work, education, leisure and communication. Bank tellers, travel agents, secretaries, accountants, journalists, insurance agents, telephone operators, teachers, students and others use computers every day. However, for many people, these devices are still surrounded by mystery.

In order to understand what computers are, we need to understand two main points: computers are tools for processing information (such as words, numbers, images and sounds), tools that expand our capabilities. For example, tools like a hammer or a gate expand our physical capabilities; a telescope or telephone expands the possibilities of our senses. Computers are tools that expand our mental abilities.

Devices such as a tape recorder or a calculator also help us process information. However, each of these devices performs a limited set of operations (memorization or calculation), moreover, on information of a certain type (sounds or numbers). The advantage of computers is that they have ample opportunities for processing all kinds of information. Computers can help us remember, extract, organize, compare, modify, transmit, receive and analyze words, numbers, images and sounds.

The second important point is that computers must be given instructions in the form of a program in order for them to do anything at all. A program is a series of detailed, step-by-step instructions written in a language that the computer understands. The computer executes the instructions of the program exactly. He does not have common sense and knowledge of how this or that business is usually done. A computer cannot understand or execute obscure or ambiguous commands, no matter how obvious they may be to a human. So when you read or hear: "The computer did," it means: "The computer was programmed to do it."

Each program tells you how to perform some function. The amazing flexibility of computers is due to the fact that they can execute commands in any program, and we, creating an infinite number of various programs for any computers, we choose when to use one or another of them.

2. Computers as learning tools

The wide possibilities of computers for information processing make them, in principle, suitable for a variety of uses in the field of education. They can facilitate teaching and learning at all levels, from preschoolers learning the alphabet to doctors learning new diagnostic techniques. Computers are suitable for use in areas such as language and mathematics, history and science, vocational training, music and visual arts, and reading and writing. Computers open up new avenues for developing thinking skills and problem-solving skills, and provide new opportunities for active learning. With the help of computers, lessons, exercises, tests, and progress records can be made more efficient. This relieves teachers and allows them to devote more time to individual lessons. Computers can make many lessons more interesting and compelling, and a vast amount of information easily accessible. Computers can be programmed to create various images, played music, performed calculations, served as typewriters, sorted out the class magazine. They converted written text into speech, measured student reaction times, controlled tape recorders and video disc players, and generally created an environment for creative and fun learning.

The possibilities of using computers for learning are endless. Their general accessibility could lead to fundamental changes in the school curriculum, to a more complete solution of the problems of education, to new means of teaching handicapped people, to expanding the possibilities of self-education and home schooling.

In addition to their potential as learning tools, computers themselves should become an important object of study. Understanding their capabilities and limitations is necessary for every educated person.

A computer is a tool, but it differs from all other tools in that it processes information and can be programmed to do a variety of jobs. But just like other tools, it is capable of serving good and bad purposes. With a hammer, you can build, or you can destroy. The computer can be used to create original stories, music, paintings, explore complex relationships in the natural sciences, or play mostly mindless games. The extent to which computers affect students depends on how students use them.

2.1. Computer - teacher

Computers can be programmed to have many of the virtues without the drawbacks of books, movies, and teachers. good programs give computers some flexibility and "responsiveness", which are fully manifested in the process of communication between the student and the teacher and are completely absent when learning with the help of books and films. The computer can assess the knowledge of the student before the start of classes and carefully monitor the assimilation of the material during the lesson. The computer can adjust the level of material, the speed of its supply, the number of repetitions to each child individually. The computer, like a book, enables each student to work at the most appropriate pace and makes the knowledge of experts in any field available to everyone. Computers allow the use of pictures, moving images and sounds. Although these pictures and sounds are not as perfect as in the movies, they nevertheless help to introduce new concepts and keep the students' attention. The recent combination of computers with videodiscs has made it possible to use images and sounds in computerized lessons that are not inferior in quality to movies.

The advantage of computers is that they are absolutely objective, do not get annoyed, do not experience disappointment when faced with difficult students. This, combined with the ability to interact, hold attention, and communicate individually, makes computers a particularly valuable tool for teaching difficult children.

In schools, computers can be used to teach lessons in many subjects, and in several ways. Sometimes they are the main means of studying a section.

2.2. Text recognition

The text does not have to be typed on the keyboard yourself. If the text already exists in printed form, it can be entered into the computer using special device- scanner and get the graphic image corresponding to it. And then, using the optical recognition system (OCR), select the text from the resulting image and as a result it will become available to other programs.

Optical text recognition systems are widely used in areas where it is required to enter into a computer and process significant amounts of information, in particular, when organizing streaming data input for various information systems, office automation, etc.

Of course, an OCR system, like a person, can make mistakes. The reliability of its work and the speed of recognition largely depend on the quality of the source text. On "good" texts, from a printing point of view, there are few errors, no more than 1-2 per page.

OCR systems are capable of working with texts in different languages, including mixed texts of arbitrary styles and sizes. In some cases, to improve the quality of recognition, it may be necessary to expand the font base of the system by training it. To deal with inevitable errors, a specialized electronic corrector built into the system is used. Today, the following recognition systems are sold on the Russian market:

FineReader ( BitSoftware, Inc), CuneiForm ( CognitiveTechnologiesLtd), Author(Okrus).

2.2. Information Systems

An information system is a program or software package designed for the accumulation and processing various information. Depending on the nature and volume of information being processed, the flexibility and power of the means available for this, all information systems can be divided into two large groups: personal systems and professional systems.

Professional information systems are much more complicated and more expensive than personal ones, they allow you to store large amounts of information and have advanced capabilities for its processing. Depending on the thematic focus among information systems, legal, bibliographic, medical and others are distinguished.

Each information system consists, as it were, of two parts: filling and shell. The content of the system, called the database (DB), is a collection of information contained in the system. The methods of input, placement and presentation of this information are regulated at the stage of system creation. As a result, all information inside the database is structured in a certain way, which greatly facilitates access to it and the search for the necessary information.

The shell of an information system, called a database management system (DBMS), is a special environment. Working in it, the user can perform various actions with the database. These include such common operations as: searching the database for information that meets certain criteria, viewing existing and entering new information, sorting, printing, and others.

2.3. Global computer network Internet

Internet - global computer network covering the entire world. Today, the Internet has about 15 million subscribers in more than 150 countries around the world. The size of the network increases by 7-10% monthly. The Internet forms, as it were, the core that provides communication between various information networks belonging to various institutions around the world, one with another.

If earlier the network was used exclusively as a medium for transferring files and e-mail messages, today more complex tasks of distributed access to resources are being solved. About two years ago, shells were created that support the functions of network search and access to distributed information resources, electronic archives.

At low service costs (often only a flat monthly fee for the lines or telephone used), users can access commercial and non-commercial information services in the US, Canada, Australia and many European countries. Free access archives Internet networks you can find information on almost all areas of human activity, from new scientific discoveries to the weather forecast for tomorrow.

In addition, the Internet provides unique opportunities cheap, reliable and private global communications around the world. This turns out to be very convenient for firms with their branches around the world, multinational corporations and management structures. Usually, the use of the Internet infrastructure for international communications is much cheaper than direct computer communications via satellite or telephone.

E-mail is the most common service on the Internet. Your address is currently e-mail have approximately 20 million people. Sending a letter by e-mail is much cheaper than sending a regular letter. In addition, a message sent by e-mail will reach the addressee in a few hours, while a regular letter can reach the addressee for several days or even weeks.

Currently, the Internet is experiencing a period of recovery, largely due to the active support from the governments of European countries and the United States. The United States annually allocates about $1-2 million to build new network infrastructure. Research in the field of network communications is also funded by the governments of Great Britain, Sweden, Finland, and Germany.

However, public funding is only a small part of the incoming funds. the "commercialization" of the network is becoming more and more noticeable (it is expected that 80-90% of the funds will come from the private sector).

3. Personal computer - a means of increasing the creative abilities of a person and his intellect

3.1. robot and human

Looking into the bowels of a modern robotic enterprise, we will not find there the “iron cyborgs” so familiar from science fiction novels, impassively bending over the machines. At the same time, modern industrial production is so saturated with a variety of machines that sometimes there is a feeling that the entire plant is one giant robot.

The term "robot", as you know, came from the literature. A little over half a century ago, the Czech writer Karel Capek wrote the play R.U.R. (Rossum Universal Robots), whose characters were people and robots - humanoid machines. This is how the concept of "robot" first appeared - an artificial analogue of a living thinking creature, which soon began to play an important role not only in science fiction literature, but also in science and technology.

Nevertheless, we will try to answer the question: “What is a robot?” Let's take the analogy of a robot with a person. What qualities are we interested in in this case? Firstly, mental abilities, which cover perception, learning, memory, logic, etc. Secondly, physical data, which include strength, speed, reliability, stability of basic characteristics. And finally, thirdly, functionality a person, namely: versatility (the ability to perform various jobs well), the ability to perform complex movements (dexterity), adaptability (adaptability to various changes in external factors).

It is in this coincidence of qualitative spaces that the anthropomorphism of the robot lies, that is, its resemblance to a person. In other words, a robot is an anthropomorphic model of a human. That is why, in Lately with the concept of a robot, the concept of "Artificial Intelligence" is increasingly encountered.

A modern robot is an amazing focus of the seemingly incompatible. In English-speaking countries, the untranslatable term "kluge”, meaning a system consisting of heterogeneous components, the designers of which never intended to use them together. Indeed, what event could merge into a qualitatively new formation a pumping station and a modern computer, a polynomial mechanical arm and a television camera? Developing independently, all these components of the robot reached a certain perfection, when by no means an accident, but the daring thought of engineers brought them together in order to serve man even better. However, this required overcoming a narrow interdisciplinary framework, terminological barricades, psychological barriers and a host of other obstacles common in a new business...

So, robots are systems that can replace a person in various fields of activity due to their ability to “think” and “do” (of course, the ratio between “think” and “do” is different for different robots). The areas of application of robots are already extremely diverse today, from medical care, where they act as a nurse and care for the sick, to research work, where robots can replace humans in the ocean depths and on other planets.

3.2. Computer graphics

In addition to word processing, a PC is perfect for preparing graphics and is widely used in the work of newspaper and magazine editorial offices, book publishers, and advertising agencies. With the help of graphic editors, they create illustrations, develop the style and logo of firms, and prepare advertising.

Graphic programs designed for professional use allow you to enter and process black-and-white and color photographs, slides, images from a VCR, TV, and video camera on a computer. For example, with the help of presentation graphics packages, you can create commercials and demonstrations rich in special effects, supplementing them with music and speech if desired.

Independent direction graphic programs with advanced capabilities are computer-aided design systems. With their help, designers determine appearance cars, prepare new collections of clothing models, etc.

Displaying an image on the display screen and various actions with it, including visual analysis, require sufficient geometric literacy from the user. Geometrical concepts, formulas and facts, related primarily to the plane and three-dimensional cases, play in problems computer graphics special role. Geometric considerations, approaches and ideas, combined with the ever-expanding capabilities of computer technology, are an inexhaustible source of significant advances in the development of computer graphics, its effective use in scientific and other research. Sometimes even the simplest geometric techniques provide noticeable progress at individual stages of solving a large graphic problem.

3.3. Computer games

At the computer, you can not only work efficiently, but also have a good rest. This fact is convincingly proved by numerous companies producing entertainment programs. It's no secret that most beginners begin their acquaintance with the computer with games, and with the widespread use of home PCs, gaming programs are becoming more and more popular.

Personal computers at the dawn of their appearance (in the early 80s) served mainly entertainment purposes. The first PCs were sold as a kind of toys. They could play special games, called "video games". Such a computer released in 1984 looked like a keyboard unit slightly thicker than a sketchbook. It connects to any home TV and standard cassette recorder. After that, you can put a cassette with a video game program recorded on it on the tape recorder and turn on the tape recorder for playback. The program will be entered or, as they say, "loaded" into the PC's memory and it will be possible to start the game.

With a PC, you can also play our popular video games "hockey", "tennis", fight tic-tac-toe, sea battle, chess, etc. Not only children, but also adults are fond of video games.

“It is very important that in scientific work there is always room for jokes and entertainment ... Productivity scientific research in computing, in both serious and humorous developments, is primarily due to the free theoretical atmosphere in which new ideas, apparently, are generated half by people and half by machines themselves. It can even be said that without this cheerful mood there would be no rapid scientific progress.

It is important to note that the same gaming home microcomputer that can be used for hours in a sea battle successfully serves as a tireless tutor, offering arithmetic or physics problems, and then carefully checking their solution. He himself will recall the grammar rule that the student forgot, show a color drawing to make it easier to remember the difficult theorem, and re-explain the topic if the student was sick or was not too attentive in class. We will cover this in more detail in the next section.

3.4. Computers and creativity

Computers with appropriate software are powerful tools for creative expression in literature, painting, music. Word processing programs make writing and editing less tedious, allowing you to write more and better. Build Programs graphic images contribute to the creation of paintings, animation and special visual effects. Music composition programs open up new opportunities for learning music, even for those who do not know how to play a musical instrument.

The musical and sound effects played by computers have gone a long way in their development compared to the sounds resembling the sound of a rebounding table tennis ball, which for many people were the first "computer" sounds they heard. In addition to reproducing the sounds that accompany video games, computers are used to create musical and sound effects for films, phonograph records and in concert activities. The computer not only imitates the sound of any instrument, but also produces completely new sounds. It can change the pitch, tempo, and timbre of music, and manipulate sounds in other ways. These capabilities make the computer a powerful new tool for the creativity of both composers and performers.

In addition to their own ability to create sounds, computers can control special musical instruments connected to them. Together with the appropriate software, these tools allow computers to play any musical sound, as well as special sound effects.

Conclusion

Thus, computerization has become not just a fact of scientific and technological progress. She invaded powerfully social life society, affected its deepest layers: life, leisure, education. Being one of the most outstanding achievements of the modern stage of scientific and technological progress, computer technology is regarded as a catalyst for a leap in productivity growth in all spheres of social production. It is an amplifier of the intellectual power of society, manifested in accelerating the pace of development of science and technology, literature and art, a factor in accelerating the processes of production and dissemination of knowledge and the transition to new technologies of the 21st century, based on the "processing of knowledge" and this could and should have manifested itself computer power!

Also in conclusion, I would like to summarize the above, draw conclusions. As already noted, computers have become an integral part of our lives and it is difficult to imagine how people would do without them in some areas of their activity, for example, in management. artificial satellites Earth or tomography. It is almost impossible to overestimate the importance of these machines, which is worth the mere operation performed by medical luminaries at a distance with the help of special robots. But it must be remembered that without the initial participation of a person, the activities of programmers, computers could not do anything at all. That is why, in my opinion, it is a mistake to attribute all achievements only to computers.

Of course, one cannot speak only about the positive impact of computers on human life, because universal computerization has had a negative impact on it. Yes, computers have greatly accelerated processes that require the repetition of monotonous operations; yes, they improved the quality of education and expanded the ways of getting it, allowed people with disabilities to feel like full-fledged members of society. Yes, the creative abilities of man have opened wide and acquired some other directions associated with the use of computers. But there is also the other side of the coin: firstly, people today are losing contact with each other, for some the virtual world has replaced real and normal human communication, much more sincere in its essence, has become unacceptable. Secondly, a lot of smart computer thieves, hackers have appeared, which makes it necessary to create enhanced security tools in order to avoid financial losses and information leakage. Thirdly, no matter how reliable the technique is, it still remains a technique that tends to break down, which threatens with various kinds of losses and the possibility of losing control over the system.

And I think that, having assessed all the positive and negative features of computerization, we, the generation of the 21st century, need to develop a new concept in the creation and implementation of software products and information systems, which takes into account everything: social, economic, political factors, so that the people of the future there was something to be proud of, and not something to puzzle over, correcting our mistakes.

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"FORMATION OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION COMPETENCE OF STUDENTS THROUGH PROJECT ACTIVITY IN THE LESSONS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ICT AND OUTSIDE TIME IN A RURAL SCHOOL"

Informatics and ICT teacher

MKOU "Malo-Kamenskaya secondary school" of the Bolshesoldatsky district of the Kursk region

Raspopova Svetlana Vladimirovna

Education is one of the priority areas in the state, which is being effectively modernized at the present time, a new Federal State Educational Standard of the second generation is being introduced, in which the school discipline "Informatics" is given a paramount role. It is no coincidence that one of the four interdisciplinary training programs is the program "Formation of ICT Competence of Students".

In this regard, it should be noted that we, teachers of computer science, have a special role to play. After all, we introduce students to personal computer not only how to use the device and teach how to work with it, but also form the skills to use it as a tool for teaching in all school disciplines. Mastery technical devices and working with them in all school subjects is actually the foundation of the second generation standards, which means that informatization of all aspects of school life is taking place.

In the process of teaching the subject of informatics and ICT at school, I noted that students, when studying various topics, find it difficult to independently solve the tasks assigned to them, model information processes and apply the knowledge gained in practice. They fail to properly analyze and select necessary information, transform it and present it to the audience, that is, information and communicative competencies are not properly formed. I set myself the goal of finding a way, forms and means to solve this problem.

Over the years of work, I have developed a strong conviction that the task of the school is to create an atmosphere that would contribute to the mental, emotional and physical development of the individual. Under such conditions, it is easier to find a spark in every child and develop his talents, make him a successful person, regardless of the grades received, and ultimately prepare graduates who are ready to organically fit into the modern dynamically changing world.

In the process of solving this problem, I primarily use work onessays, various kinds of creative tasks and projects, which has proven to be more effective. Students have an increased cognitive interest, they are more diligent in the educational material, they quickly learn complex topics, master the skills: plan their activities, work with information efficiently, make decisions independently, conduct reflection and present the results of their work to the audience.

In search of a pedagogical technology that would meet the needs of the child, I settled on project activities. The project method is effective with a small amount of equipment in the classrooms of a rural school, a very rich content of the subject, as well as a high workload of children in other subjects. This method allows the child to solve this or that problem on his own, a lot of independent work, which is the result of the most solid knowledge, in addition, it attracts knowledge from other school disciplines. I see children's interest in classes, as they see the results of their work.

The introduction of the project method into lessons took place over several years in 3 stages: preparatory, practical and generalizing, and the second stage was implemented in two years. It all started with mini-projects.

In grades 5-7, I offer children creative tasks on various topics of computer science, such as compiling puzzles, crossword puzzles, small presentations "My Hobby", "My School" and others. Moreover, these projects are solved with the help of computer technologies, and by means of this, the children form information and communication competencies: the ability to use various computer programs: graphics editor paint, text editors Notepad and WordPad, presentation tools for MS PowerPoint. In my work, I do not use fully practical tasks according to the educational and methodological set of Bosova L.S., but I try to invite students to carry out creative projects.

In grades 8-9, I offer the guys projects that are more complex in their execution. For example, create and arrange a collection of tasks on the topic "Measurement of information", creative projects "Prehistory and history of the development of computers", "Newsletter", creative project "Logo".In grade 9, when studying topics related to Web design, I suggest that the guys create pages for a school site, creating programs in the TurboPascal programming system and others. And for students in grades 10-11, work on projects is even more complicated. The guys prepare electronic tests on various topics of computer science so that they can be used by younger students; create projects-stands, a school wall newspaper, make presentations using video plots and sound accompaniment, useFlash-technologies for creating animation and much more.

We are engaged in project activities not only at the lessons of computer science, but also outside of school hours at the classes of the creative association "Cross Stitch + PC". Despite the fact that cross-stitch is one of the oldest types of needlework, this craft has found its fans among the students of our school.

To create embroidery schemes, local history material is used, which is processed in special computer programs, as well as all computer equipment of the informatics cabinet is involved. Students communicate not only with each other, spending time in classes in a circle, but also with Internet users, exchange experiences with participants in the cross-stitching process, acquire patterns for embroidery, use advice given by professionals; subscribe to the mailing list of materials to be aware of all the changes in the world of embroidery; visit virtual thematic exhibitions.

Based on the results of work using the project-based learning method, I can draw the following conclusion: when applying this method high results of schoolchildren's education are achieved, especially in the field of information and communicative competences. The interest of students in the subject increases significantly, interdisciplinary connections are clearly visible. Children are happy to carry out educational projects and participate in various conferences and exhibitions.

By solving a problem, students learn to think, and this is the most important thing. After all, a modern person should be not only erudite, but also flexible, able to select, process and build information in a knowledge system, adequately specific situation. The use of the project method of teaching serves to achieve the main goal - the formation of information and communication competence, designed to help the graduate become not only a competent specialist, professional, but also a person capable of adapting to various life situations. Innovative teaching methods are firmly established in the life of the school, so work in this direction continues and improves.

Literature:

1. Skripkina Yu. V. Informatics lessons as a medium for the formation of key competencies. // Internet magazine "Eidos". - 2007. - September 30.

2. Khutorskoy A.V. "Key competencies as a component of student-centered education" // National Education. - 2003. - No. 2. - P. 58

Information Technology. Pros or cons.

In the early 1980s, the advent of the computer created a revolution not only in the development of science and technology, but also in education and management. At first, that's how it was.

1985 - a new subject - informatics - was introduced in schools. The subject was introduced, but there were no technicians and specialists capable of teaching. So we studied the subject at the same time as the guys. The appearance of cars in the school is a huge breakthrough - children's and teachers' interest is huge (they lie at the expense of teachers - the older generation is still afraid of cars). Then I saw the advantages of electronic document management at school - I printed it once - then only make changes. Document processing time is reduced by dozens, if not hundreds of times.

Children master new technology almost instantly (much faster than adults). The perception of information by people before the computer era is fundamentally different from the perception of a modern person (here I considered myself to be a relic) - we studied on paper and in order to get information I had to read it, and sometimes sit with a pen over the text. Modern child accepts information in chunks. A child who cannot read surfs the Internet better than a competent engineer. Is this a plus or a minus? It is a fact.

With the development of the technical base, new problems also appeared.

Electronic toys - children (and many adults) are ready to play for days. To date, no one knows how to deal with this.

Internet - we get any information without leaving home. But what about reliability? Easier with the exact sciences. What about history, social science. Two years ago, the prosecutor's office came to the school with an Internet access check. A nice girl typed in the address of the site - went to pornography. After the reprimand, there was a desire to write a letter to the prosecutor's office with a request to send the addresses of your favorite sites. True, after checking, Internet filters were installed on the computers, which are not even allowed into Yandex.

In the 1990s, the best students wrote essays at home, and in the computer science classroom they were transferred to electronic form, checked the spelling, and, already without errors, rewrote it in a notebook. Today, reports, presentations are downloaded from the Internet without even reading (I'm not talking about text formatting).

In the Soviet Union, letters went for weeks, and now the addressee receives letters almost instantly. Comfortable! I typed one request and sent it in one fell swoop to all departments. Previously, only half a day would have to be spent on telephone messages ... More than a hundred letters come to the school address during the week, and almost all of them require information.

Document flow. The number of outgoing and intra-school papers is impressive. And this flow is growing. In our school, a separate program is required for each class, indicating the dates of the lessons in each class (there are 26 programs in my folder). This is only for this year. Experience suggests that next year it will again be necessary to change not the content, but the form of presentation ...

If it is still useless to fight with students and the Internet using administrative methods, then it is quite realistic to create uniform and stable forms and a list of outgoing and intra-school documents, to determine the circle of persons entitled to use this resource.

A business letter is no more than one page in size - otherwise no one will read it. I end with this.

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