Recovery boot sector hdd. Recovery of boot sectors of NTFS partitions. Restoring the boot sector of the main disk partition

If you do not start Windows when you turn on the computer, the process freezes on a black screen, it may be damaged boot record hard drive  (MBR).

External manifestations

When an error appears on the screen, doubts disappear.

Other information about the HDD loader malfunction may also be issued.

Textual information may vary depending on the classification of the error. But when the word boot is mentioned, it is clear that the boot is a mess.

This may cause all partitions on the current hard drive to become inaccessible. If you have no problems accessing your device, do not proceed. Are you sure you want to record the new boot record? You should see a message. The new boot sector is specified correctly. The master boot record, or master boot record, as it is also known, is the 512-byte sector at the beginning of the hard drive that contains the script needed to boot operating system.

Restoring a copy of the boot sector if there is no original copy, or if it is badly damaged

That is, this is the first record on the hard disk that contains the executable program and the table in which the hard disk partitions are defined. Perhaps you still do not find these error messages: "The operating system was not found" or a blank screen without a signal when the computer starts?

How to recover MBR, read on this page.

Causes

Pay attention to the common causes of HDD boot sector failures.

Two types of bootloader

On older systems prior to Windows XP, the NT Loader (NTLDR) bootloader was used. In Windows 7, Vista, and subsequent versions of the OS, UEFI and EFI were introduced. Therefore, old and new systems on one PC, usually do not. Otherwise, NTLDR overwrites UEFI.

One of the most recommended methods is to verify professional partition management. This is the initial sector of the first track of the first person hard drive. When you boot the machine, this information is read to determine where to look for system files.

Then a prompt appears: "Enter the administrator password." You are in the “recovery console” with your system recovery commands. If so, the procedure for reconstructing the boot sector of the active partition is identical to the procedure described above. The only difference is that the command is entered in the “prompt” of the recovery console.

Third-party software

Errors in the boot sector of the HDD can occur when using even popular programs for the hard drive partition. This has happened to me with Acronis. This happens because such software replaces the disk boot driver with its own. This can spoil the original MBR record. Therefore, it is better to use the built-in methods. hard section  Windows drive.

On machines with multiple operating systems whose load is controlled by the boot manager program, you must follow the procedure recommended by the latest program. Does anyone know how to recover data when hDD  not loading or how to load a disk without losing data?

Uninitialized problem with unknown drives

I have important photos on disk. please help me! When that happens external hard  disk can display " unallocated space"Or nothing in disk management, so you cannot access data on this disk.

Viruses

Viruses sometimes inflict their “orders” in the MBR. Therefore, after recovery hDD boot  check your computer with antivirus software.

If you are sure that the cause is a virus, then clean the PC from them before the MBR repair. For this, there are utilities of well-known antivirus companies, for example, Kaspersky Rescue Disk. They are provided free of charge on official websites with instructions for use.

Recommended Solution 1. Boot the hard drive, and then recover the data.

If you cannot understand the reason, try the following 4 solutions one by one until the problem is solved successfully! To solve the unknown problem of an uninitialized disk, the easiest way is to load the hard disk first and then restore the data.

To recover data after correction unknown error  uninitialized disk. Soon software  will begin a quick scan to find lost and existing data on disk. After finishing deep scan  will start automatically to find more files. After scanning, browse and select needed files.

Any of these programs is included in the software package for CD or DVD, which allows you to boot from a CD, find and remove viruses on the HDD.

Windows 7 boot recovery

Sector repair is performed from a CD-ROM or from a USB flash drive with the operating system installation package.

  1. First, insert the DVD into the drive or flash drive into the USB port with the Windows distribution.
  2. Then you need to enable the launch from these devices. This is done in the BIOS settings.

Change download sources

The technology of the following order:

Solution 3: Check and repair bad sectors and disk error

Let the software automatically check and repair bad sectors.

Solution 4. Performing partition recovery

  Choose a mode auto recovery  or manual recovery mode and click “Next” to have the program search for deleted or lost partitions on your hard drive. Finally, click Continue to confirm the restore operation.

These hard disks  use magnetic recording to store data on it. But there are times when you may encounter some inevitable situations that lead to data loss from these secure drives. Now you should be wondering what could lead to data loss from the hard drive, right? Well, let's look at some examples. If you lose data for any of these reasons, stop using the computer immediately, because subsequent use may make it difficult to replace, causing recovery.



Be sure to press F10 when exiting, otherwise the changes will not be saved!

Work from a CD or flash device

Act in the following order:



If the fix didn’t help

There is another MBR resuscitation team - bootsect / NT60 SYS. After it, try to boot again.

How to recover lost files  it will be your next question. Also, if files are lost due to bad sectors, the software restores it by creating disk images on the disk. These disk images extract files, ignoring bad sectors.

Extended boot record

For a detailed description of the recovery procedure, see this video. This error can occur for many reasons. The main thing is when the hard drive is not physically readable because it is disconnected, damaged, or configured incorrectly. Obviously, if the recovery software does not detect your hard drive, the problem is in the hardware level, and the component must be replaced, even if the cables are poorly connected to both the power cable and the data cable, these are very common defects!

When unsuccessful attempt  write to command line  So: bootsect / rebuildbcd.It will search for operating systems installed on the PC.

Now try logging into Windows again. Please note that in the list of systems now there will be one more. Try to go into each of them. It should work out!

Non-standard way

If you did not save all the options for restoring the sector, it is recommended to reinstall Windows. And no matter how you want to do it sometimes! Is it true?

Change download sources

Do not despair immediately if motherboard  doesn’t see the disk, make sure all cables are well connected, even pulling out and reconnecting the connectors! This is due to the fact that in some cases, especially with old oxidized connectors, the signal transmission can be complicated. This is a typical computer startup screen. Not all computers are the same, but the concept is similar and intuitive. Press the appropriate key two or three times to make sure that the key is read, so you get a specific settings window.

I thought so too and decided to put another small system next to it. What does “small” mean? This is a bootloader system. It is empty: I did not install drivers and my programs on it, because I do not work in it. But then it loads!

What I needed, I achieved: a working boot area appeared on the hard drive. Now I normally go back to the previous system. The disadvantage is that it lost about 14 GB of disk space. If you are not afraid, you can take this method into service!

Using the left and right arrows to scroll through the various menus, scroll through the various elements until you find settings for boot devices that look like one of these screens. In this example, as the right manual says, using the key and key on the keyboard, you can move the item up or down.

In this other example, instead, you must first select the first boot position and indicate which device to assign it to, and then select “Hard Drive” for the second location. After you have changed the settings, you need to find the output menu, where we need to select “Save and exit” or save and exit. This is usually the last menu in the upper right corner.

How to fix a sector in Windows 8-10 and Vista?

For Vista and later windows versions  the same methods are suitable as for the "seven", only the design is different. For example, in the G8 he is like that.


No matter how advanced the operating system, its loading is impossible without the presence of two sectors on the hard disk, which contain the code necessary to run any operating system. The first sector is called Master Boot Record (MBR); It is always located at: sector 1 / cylinder 0 / head1 and is the very first hard sector  drive. The second most important sector is the Boot Sector, located in the first sector of each volume.

Now we are in front of a flashing line: this will wait for your commands. Take your time, you have all the time to type them calmly. Often, when you enter these commands, the problem is resolved, and you can exit the console by typing. Now just restart your computer!

It encrypts your personal files and directories. Corrupted files  after encryption are deleted, and users usually find text file  with payment instructions in the same folder as inaccessible files. You can find the problem only after trying to open any of these files.

Some, but not every one of these programs has a “screen lock”. It locks the computer screen and requires payment. Displays a full-screen image that blocks all other windows. Personal files are not encrypted. The first boot sector is the part of the computer’s hard drive that allows the operating system to boot.

Master boot record

Master Boot Record is the most important disc structure; this sector is created when a disk is partitioned. In the MBR sector, there is a small code called Master Boot Code, as well as a disk signature and partition table. At the end of the MBR sector is a two-byte structure indicating the end of the sector. It has a value of 0x55AA. A disk signature is a unique number located at offset 0x01B8 and allows the operating system to uniquely identify a given disk.

Instead, a ransom request appears on the screen. Defines web servers and encrypts a large number of  files uploaded by him. Mobile devices  can be infected with the so-called "hidden charges". Redemption is never recommended, mainly because it does not guarantee a resolution to the problem. There are also many things that can accidentally be mistaken. For example, malware may have errors that make it impossible to recover encrypted data even with the appropriate key.

Code located in the MBR sector performs the following actions:

  • searches for the active partition in the partition table;
  • searches for the starting sector of the active partition
  • loads a copy of the boot sector from the active partition into memory;
  • transfers control to the executable code from the boot sector.

If for some reason these functions cannot be completed, one of the following system error messages is displayed:

In addition, if the ransom is paid, it will prove that cybercriminals are effective for blackmail. As a result, they will continue their actions and look for new ways to use the systems, which will lead to the appearance of more infected devices and an increase in the amount of money in their accounts.

How is an extortion attack carried out?

After opening the attachment file, the malicious code is freed and placed on the user's system. Cybercriminals can also upload malware to websites. When a user visits a site, malicious code is released and placed on his system. The infection is not immediately displayed to the user. A malicious program runs silently in the background while a system or data blocking mechanism expands. Then a dialog box appears in which the user reports that their data is locked and asks for a ransom to unlock them again.

  • Invalid partition table;
  • Missing operating system.

Note that for floppy disks there is no concept of MBR. The boot sector is the first sector on the disk. It should also be remembered that each hard drive contains an MBR sector, but the boot code is only used on drives that have an active primary partition.

Partition Table

A partition table is a 64-byte structure used to determine the type and location of partitions on a hard disk. The content of this structure is unified and does not depend on the operating system. Information about each partition takes 16 bytes - so there can be no more than four partitions on a disk.

Who is the victim of the ransom?

By then it is too late to protect the data with any security measures. Video below. Every user and every business can become a victim of foreclosure. Cybercriminals do not choose and often try to hit as many users as possible in order to get as much profit as possible.

Yes, because cybercriminals know that organizations are more likely to pay, given that stored data is usually valuable and vital for continuing a business. In addition, it can sometimes be cheaper to pay for a ransom than restore backups.

Information about each section begins with a certain offset from the beginning of the sector, as shown in the table. 1 .

Note that under MS-DOS, only volumes with a System ID field of 0x01, 0x04, 0x05, or 0x06 are available. But volumes with a different System ID for this field can be deleted using the FDISK utility.

Fields Cylinder, Head and Sector

The fields Starting Cylinder, Ending Cylinder, Starting Head, Ending Head, Starting Sector and Ending Sector (common name - CHS) are additional elements of the partition table. The boot code uses the values \u200b\u200bof these fields to find the boot sector and activate it. The Starting CHS fields of inactive partitions indicate the boot sectors of the primary partitions and the extended boot sector of the first logical drive  in the extended section.

Why is it so difficult to find a universal solution against foreclosure?

With each new version  Better encryption and new options appear. This is not something you can just get through! One of the reasons why it is so difficult to find a universal solution is the fact that encryption in itself is not harmful. This is actually a great development, and many quality programs use it.

The first cryptographic protection software uses a symmetric key algorithm with the same encryption and decryption key. Corrupted data can usually be successfully decrypted with the help of cyber defense companies. Over time, cybercriminals began to implement asymmetric encryption algorithms that use two different keys - public file encryption and personal encryption.