You can be faster: there is no limit! How to switch to a keyboard with a Dvorak layout Qverti keyboard with a Russian layout online dialing.

Keyboards computers may have different layout options. The most widely used keyboard layouts qwerty And AZERTY. In this guide, you will learn about these two keyboard types and how to switch from one to the other.

What is a QWERTY keyboard?

Keyboards qwerty, also known as keyboards Scholes, were named after the first six keys in the upper left corner of the keyboard. This keyboard features keys for languages ​​that use the Latin alphabet and is the most common in the United States:

What is an AZERTY keyboard?

Keyboard AZERTY most common in France. These letters are also located sequentially in the upper left corner of the keyboard:

How to change keyboard language

Open the menu Start > Control Panel > Time, language and region > Regional and Language Options. In chapter Installed services click Add.

If the keyboard language is set to French(AZERTY), change it to English US/UK, and if it is set to English(QWERTY), change it to French.

In chapter Keyboard select qwerty or AZERTY and press OK.

How to get the keyboard out of AZERTY mode

If you want to switch the keyboard from AZERTY into mode qwerty permanently, click menu Start > Settings > Time, language and region.

Click Change keyboard or other input methods. Select the keyboard you want to remove, then click Delete > OK.

If NumLock is disabled on a laptop

If you find that the keyboard language is inadvertently switched, the problem may also be related to the function lock. Num Lock.

To unlock it, press the key Num Lock on keyboard. Some laptop models may require one of the following key combinations: fn+ Num Lock or Shift+ Num Lock.

How to quickly switch between QWERTY and AZERTY keyboards

You can also quickly switch between keyboard settings qwerty And AZERTY using the key combination alt+ Shift, and for keyboards AZERTY – Shift + Alt Gr.

Image: © nihon graphy - Unsplash.com

Keyboard layout- an agreement on the correspondence of typographic symbols (letters, numbers, punctuation marks, etc.) of a written language to the keys of a computer keyboard, typewriter or other device with which text is entered. The layout establishes several correspondences between the keys and the values ​​entered using them:

  • mechanical layout (eng. mechanical layout) - the shape, size and relative position of the keys on the keyboard;
  • visual layout (eng. visual layout) - key marking;
  • functional layout (eng. functional layout) - values ​​\u200b\u200bentered by a single or joint keystroke. It is provided by at least two components:
    • hardware layout - correspondence between the scan code (identifier) ​​and the physical key. It is constant for a given keyboard;
    • software layout - correspondence of scan codes and character codes (and control codes) transmitted to the program (and, as a rule, displayed on the screen in the form letters required alphabet. That is what is usually meant by layout).

There may be several layouts for the same written language. For example, there are YTSUKEN and phonetic (YAVERTY) layouts for the Russian language; QWERTY, Dvorak and Colemak for English. The same layout can be used for multiple languages. For example, the Latin QWERTY layout is used in five languages, although in each case its names in operating systems of the Microsoft Windows family differ: in English (“US”, “United Kingdom”), in Bulgarian (“Bulgarian (Latin)”), in Chinese (“Traditional Chinese - USA”, “Chinese (Simplified) - USA”), Japanese (“Japanese”) and Korean (“Korean”). The same layout can be adapted differently for use on a computer. For example, Microsoft Windows supports two options for adapting the Russian YTsUKEN layout for computer keyboards - "Russian" (English "Russian (Typewriter)"), differing in the location of non-alphabetic characters and the letter Ё ё.

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Mechanical nesting

A standard computer keyboard, also called a PC/AT keyboard, has 101 or 102 keys in a common layout and is designed for the English alphabet of 26 letters.

According to their purpose, the keys on the PC / AT keyboard are divided into six groups:

  • function keys (F1 - F12);
  • alphanumeric keys;
  • cursor keys (Home en en , end en en , Page Up , Page Down , Delete , ← Backspace , ← , → , , ↓);
  • number pad keys;
  • specialized keys (Esc , Print Screen , Pause , Insert , etc.);
  • modifier keys (⇧ Shift , Ctrl , Alt , Alt Gr , ⇪ Caps Lock , Num Lock , Scroll Lock).
  • On modern keyboards, there are keys ⊞ Win and Menu , or ⌘ Command .
Layout 105-key IBM/Windows keyboard
Esc F10 F11 F12 PrtSc
SysRq		 Scroll
lock		 Pause
Break
Ins Home pgup NumLk −
Del End PgDn
Ent
← ↓ →

On compact keyboards (usually part of a laptop), these groups are mixed, and some keys are combined using an unusually working modifier key.

Visual layout

If it is assumed that the keyboard will work with two layouts, then double designations are usually applied to the keys. For example, Latin layout symbols are applied in green (transparent or reflective green plastic in (on) a black plastic button, which (green alphabet) lights up (visible) when illuminated by a green LED, and is weakly visible in red light)), and red (with a similar light filter ) color - symbols of the national layout, which will be visible as red letters, when highlighted with a red LED (no need to put two bulbs on each button, one two-color LED in the manner of a desk lamp on a USB keyboard with software that lights up the color of the current layout, and fluorescent stickers (ideally transparent with matte (not transparent) fluorescent letters, on black keys) Switching between the two layouts in operating systems of the Microsoft Windows family is usually done by pressing the key combination ⇧ Shift + Alt or ⇧ Shift + Ctrl , and constant user errors at the beginning of typing text in the wrong alphabet - very annoying, as a solution, there are programs such as "keyboard ninja" that make it easier to correct incorrectly typed text, and a priori detection and switching of the language with error correction on the fly. It is possible to modify this program to work with the multicolor linguistic highlighting proposed above, which actually contains a multilingual dictionary that monitors the set, and, if necessary, performs "transfer" like google.ru so that at the beginning of the set the layout swings like a pendulum from a blow, but with effort the user to press the letters at the moments of their illumination - quickly calms down stopping fluctuations in the correct state. the easiest way to implement keyboards with an indication of two or three languages ​​(RGB).

The keys of the alphanumeric block, in the upper left corner of which an uppercase Latin letter is drawn, depending on which case is enabled, can enter both uppercase and lowercase Latin letters. In the lower right corner of the key, second-level characters are usually indicated, which are entered by holding down the AltGr key, or national layout characters.

Since the visual layout may differ from the functional one, which is set by the operating system, there are different ways to modify or supplement it. To apply letters, methods of laser engraving, burning or chemical etching of keys, as well as the use of stickers on the keyboard are widely used. The change in the visual layout is carried out not only in order to add new language alphabets, but also in order to make the layout more ergonomic. So, for example, Dvorak layouts optimize typing for the ten-finger blind method, so that in most words the characters would be typed alternately with the right and left hand. This allows you to increase dialing speed, reduce errors and minimize the risk of sustained stress injury (RSI).

Functional layout

The functional layout defines the relationship between physical keys and hardware events generated by the keyboard controller when keys are pressed. The operating system is responsible for handling events and substituting the appropriate characters, which are then displayed or processed as software application commands. Thus, no matter which visual layout is used, it is possible to print in different languages. The keyboard layout can include both characters of only the first level, and characters of the first and second levels. The first level contains characters that require a single keystroke to type in lower case, and two keys to type at the same time (⇧ Shift + key) to type in upper case. At the second level, there are characters that require two keys to be pressed simultaneously in lower case (AltGr + key), and upper case characters require three keys to be pressed simultaneously (AltGr + ⇧ Shift + key).

Latin keyboard layouts

The first commercially successful typewriter was invented in September 1867 by the American Christopher Scholes. It used the Latin layout, in which the letters on the keys were arranged in alphabetical order. For example, the letters A, B, C, D, E, F, G were located on the first seven keys of the upper alphabetic row.

Scholes' typewriter had a drawback: when typing fast, the letters clung to each other and their levers "got mixed up." It was decided to abandon the "alphabetic" layout. From the new keyboard layout, which was later named by letters on the first six keys of the third row of the alphanumeric keyboard block - QWERTY, it was required that the letters that form stable combinations in English be located as far as possible from each other on opposite sides of the keyboard and be scattered in different rows, which reduced the likelihood of “mixing up” the levers of a typewriter. The Scholes layout is currently being criticized as an anachronism, as the problem that led to QWERTY no longer exists.

  1. the load on the fingers is unevenly distributed, due to which some fingers “run” over the keyboard for longer distances than others;
  2. you often have to bend your fingers, since the main "home" row of the keyboard is little used;
  3. often two or more characters are pressed in a row in one zone, with one finger.

The YTSUKEN layout also lacks keys for punctuation marks and non-alphabetic spelling marks used in Russian writing:

  • quotation marks "Christmas trees" (angular, typographical);
  • quotation marks "paws";
  • stress;
  • dash;
  • paragraph;
  • apostrophe;
  • square, curly and angle brackets.

In the Microsoft Windows operating system, two options for adapting the YTsUKEN layout for computer keyboards are proposed: "Russian" (eng. "Russian") and "Russian (Typewriter)" (eng. "Russian (Typewriter)"). By default, the Russian layout is used, in which numbers are moved to lower case, and punctuation marks (except for periods and dashes) and additional characters are moved to upper case. Most Russian-speaking computer users use this particular Russian layout [ ] .

  • The disadvantage of the YTSUKEN (Russian) computer layout is that the comma is in upper case, although it is not a minor character and is used more often than a period.
  • The next drawback of the main Russian computer layout is the inconvenience of typing the letter "".

In 1956, the "Code of Rules of Russian Spelling and Punctuation" was published, which consolidated the established practice of the optional use of the letter "e". On the YTsUKEN computer layout, the letter "ё" is located in the upper left corner of the keyboard, separately from all other letters.

Of the alternative layouts for the Russian language, like "DVORAK", the DIKTOR layout and the Zubachev layout should be distinguished. Both of these layouts were built according to a similar principle with the Latin DVORAK layout, but the official sites ceased to exist, and they never gained popularity.

Connecting the Russian phonetic layout in Microsoft Windows requires a special computer program, which can be found on the appropriate Internet sites. In contrast, the Bulgarian (phonetic), Bosnian (Cyrillic), Macedonian (FYROM) and Macedonian (FYROM) layouts are included in the Microsoft Windows Vista layout set.

National keyboard layouts

Specific Kazakh letters are located in the place of the main digital range. To enter numbers and symbols /, *, -, +, the auxiliary numeric keypad is used. As a result, there was no place in the standard layout for a number of common non-alphabetic characters, as well as for the letter .

There are also alternative layouts assembled according to the "Dvorak method", for example, Qazat.

Korean

There are several layout standards for Korean (Hangul). The most common layout is called Tubolsik (두벌식, 2벌식). In it, consonants are located on the left side of the keyboard, vowels - on the right. Tense consonants are typed using the Shift key (for example, the Korean letter chhiit (ㅈ) is in place of the letter w, and ssanjiit, ㅉ when pressed with Shift). Doubled consonants are on the bottom row of the keyboard.

Every second of those who can read Russian guesses that “qwerty” in English means “yutsuken”. For the layout of Latin characters that has conquered almost the whole world, thanks should be given to the American Christopher Latham Sholes, the inventor of the typewriter, who figured out how to make sure that letters do not stick when typing.

In 1873, the mass production of Remingtons began, so we can say that there is no reason not to celebrate the 140th anniversary of the qwerty. Which, however, has not become an unconditional monopolist in the “layout market” over its long life. There are at least five alternative keyboard Latin scripts. They are used, they get used to them from an early age. An American who types quickly and blindly will be surprised at how many mistakes he made while working on someone else's computer in Vienna or N'Djamena. Non-standard layouts have every right to exist and deserve a little attention - after all, it is through keyboards that the connection between the worlds of the ordinary and the unusual is carried out.

The AZERTY layout is a property of the Francophones of Europe and Africa. At the end of the 19th century, the French, having met the Remingtons from the USA, began to think about national pride and their own keyboard for overseas writing rattles. While patriot Albert Navart was agonizing over his "ZHJAY" concept, less original but more enterprising designers swapped two pairs of letters and - voila:

In addition, in the French layout, in the second row of letters, instead of a colon and a semicolon, there is the letter "M". And the numbers, as if in a Soviet typewriter, are placed in upper case.

Sounds German and corresponds to the German spirit of the name of the keyboard layout QWERTZ. On a MacBook bought in Berlin, Vienna or Prague, there will definitely be this order of letters in the top row. We simply call this layout “German”. It could also be called "Albanian", given that it is also in a peculiar way there.

The reason for the interchange of "y" and "zeta" is that the letter "Z" in the language of Germans and Austrians is much more common than "Y", and, working with the American "clave", you would have to type it with your little finger, which is impractical and harmful. It was more pleasant to see her next to the "T" - since the diphthong "tz" is the pride of the German language. In addition, the layout contains additional letters of the German alphabet.

You might think that "dvorak" is another standard-non-standard key sequence, but it's just the name of the inventor August Dvorak, a psychologist and educator from Seattle (USA), who is a relative of the great composer Antonin Dvorak.

The Dvorak Keyboard Layout (PYFGCRL) embodies the dilemma of the pleasant versus the useful, the battle of habit versus innovation. Having patented it in 1936, the bearded inventor explained that he considered "QWERTY" uneconomical and inconvenient. A number of scientific experiments with the participation of 3 thousand schoolchildren and students confirmed that the new keyboard with the advent of electric typewriters really looks more efficient - the fingers of typists get tired much less, it is convenient to type different brackets.

People using the "QWERTY" layout type in the main row, second, only 32% of the characters, and Dvorak made it seventy. So the hands get tired less. In addition, the American took into account that most people on Earth are right-handed. Therefore, when working with the Dvorak layout, more than half of the characters are typed with the right hand, and at the same time the typing speed increases to record values. However, such an ergonomic, it would seem, layout was not destined to defeat what tired typists and telegraph workers had gotten used to.

The Kolemak keyboard is a continuation of Dvorak's concept in relation to the realities of the computer age. And this is a compromise between DVORAK and QWERTY-shaped layouts, with a uniform load on all fingers. For the "sympathizers" and the eccentric.

Invented by COLEMAK in 2006 by Shai Coleman, the name of the layout is based on a mixture of Coleman's and Dvorak's surnames. Its first feature is the absence of the hated "CAPS LOC". Instead of this, there is an additional “Backspace” key, for those who not only want to type quickly (and “Kolemak” allows you to do this), but also quickly correct mistakes with their left foot, excuse me, with the little finger. This ergonomic layout differs from the standard one in only 17 places, despite the fact that almost all special characters remained on their own, and therefore Kolemak is also called the “Dvorak for programmers”.

At first glance, the Maltron keyboard may seem confused and complicated. Blocks with letter symbols are spaced apart, and Numpad is piled up in the center. Everything is somehow cosmic, as if in an old lamp fantasy.

At the same time, MALTRON serves absolutely earthly good needs - this keyboard and its layout were invented in the 1970s to prevent repetitive stretching (“tunnel syndrome”), due to which people who type a lot and regularly develop trouble with the work of their fingers, hands and wrists in general, which develop into chronic occupational ailments.

The strange order of symbols on the mainline (ANISF and DHTOR) can be gotten used to almost as quickly as the design of Maltron. In general, the manufacturer makes custom-made ergonomic keyboards with unusual layouts. For example, for . Or with a trackball.