Throwing model-half-copy of the Su-24 aircraft. The model was designed and manufactured in the aircraft modeling laboratory of the Center for Children's and Youth Technical Creativity in the city of Rybinsk for beginner aircraft modellers. The prototype was a modern supersonic bomber with a variable geometry (swept) wing Su-24, which is in service with the Russian Air Force. The launches of such models always arouse interest both among the club members and the audience. And thanks to the ease of manufacture, the model of this jet aircraft enjoyed great success in suburban children's centers.
Materials for a semi-copy will need the most affordable: PS-4-40 foam sheet (300x210x3 mm), 3 mm plywood for the spout, aircraft model rubber and PVA glue. And from the tools you will need only a scalpel, marker, pencil, ruler, scissors and pins.
Model making. Most of the details are cut out of foam. Only the nose is made of plywood. It is best to process the foam plastic with a thermal cutter, the cutting element of which is a nichrome wire heated by an electric current.
It is most convenient for novice modellers to mark the contours of parts according to pre-made templates made of thick cardboard, but older guys can use the method of transferring the configuration of parts from a drawing to foam and plywood using carbon paper. So that the drawing does not deteriorate, it makes sense to protect it with plastic wrap.
The production of the model begins with the marking on a 3 mm sheet of foam plastic with dimensions of 300 × 210 mm of the contours of the model details. This work must be carried out with maximum accuracy - the flight qualities of a semi-copy depend on this. The bow is marked on a sheet of 3 mm plywood. It should be noted that the model requires a double set of wing panels and fuselage sidewalls and six sets of weapon suspension pylons.
1 - wing consoles; 2 - fuselage sidewalls; 3 - upper part of the fuselage; 4 - the lower part of the fuselage; 5- halves of the stabilizer; 6- keel; 7 - partition; 8- fairing; 9 - forward fuselage; 10 - armament suspension pylons (6 pcs.)
Main details of the model(numbering of parts corresponds to the positions of the assembly diagram)
The next operation is cutting with a sharp scalpel along the marking of all foam parts. In this case, it is desirable to use a metal ruler. For novice modellers, this operation is best done with scissors. The ends of the cut parts must be leveled with sandpaper.
The most complex and time-consuming part of the model is the nose: it is cut out of 3 mm plywood with a jigsaw and processed with a file and sandpaper. The groove for hooking the rubber of the model launch catapult should not have sharp edges, otherwise the rubber on them will quickly fray.
The assembly of the foam parts is carried out on PVA glue, using ordinary tailor's pins to temporarily fix the parts relative to each other. This is how the stabilizer is first glued to the top of the fuselage. If the glue is thick, then before work it should be slightly diluted with water to better coat the surfaces.
The sides and upper parts of the engine nacelles are connected with pins, after which the joints are smeared with glue from the inside. At the end., The lower parts of the engine nacelles are glued, and they are glued between the sidewalls with their fixation between them with pins.
Next, you need to select the required sweep of the rotary (on the prototype) wing consoles and glue them to the center section by inserting their root parts into the slots in the fuselage sidewalls, and then glue the jumper into the middle of the rear fuselage.
After the final drying of the glue, the technological pins that fixed the parts to be glued are removed, and the nose element of the model is joined to the fuselage box and the joints are carefully coated from the inside with PVA glue.
In the rear part of the fuselage, the keel is glued with temporary fixation with the same pins. On top of the fuselage of the model, a fairing is glued, also cut out of a foam strip. After the glue has dried, weapon suspension pylons are installed in their places in accordance with the assembly diagram of the model.
Model finishing. As already mentioned, the throwable model is a copy of a modern supersonic bomber, so it is desirable to paint it in accordance with the color of the prototype aircraft. We recommend using indelible markers for this, with which you can draw the contours of ailerons, flaps, rudder, technological joints, air intakes, as well as stars and side numbers.
For more copies, you can paint the model with light blue nitro enamel with an airbrush. It is best to do this in a specially ventilated room or outdoors, away from fire. When using an airbrush filled with nitro enamel, it is recommended to keep it at a distance of 150-200 mm from the model in order to prevent the foam from dissolving; In this case, the paint should be diluted only with acetone.
Model balancing. On the assembly diagram of the semi-copy, the position of its center of gravity (CG) is indicated, which guarantees a stable flight of the model with a sweep of the wing panels of 35 °. When the sweep changes up or down, the centering is selected experimentally using plasticine added to the nose or tail of the aircraft.
Adjustment and launch of the model. Before launching from a catapult, the model should be adjusted in gliding test flights by hand. If the model glides steadily and the flight range is 10-15 m, then it can be launched from a catapult. The catapult is a ring of rubber thread with a section of 2×1 and a length of 400 mm. After tying the ring, pinch the knot with your fingers. With the other hand, take the tail of the model and, pulling it away, release it. If the model is well assembled, then immediately after a successful launch, it should make either a Nesterov loop or an “immelmann-half-pin” and land spectacularly.
Possible disadvantages of planning are eliminated by bending the trailing edges of the keel and stabilizer. By changing the sweep of the wing and the angles of deviation of the edges of the tail, you can make the model perform aerobatics - such as "barrel", "loop", "immelman", "bell" and others.
A - when diving, the trailing edges of the stabilizer blades are bent up; B - when pitching, the trailing edges of the stabilizer blades are bent down; B - bending down the trailing edge of the wing of the left console will help get rid of the left roll; D - in normal flight, the model glides steadily at a distance of 10-15 m; D - the adjusted model is launched using a rubber thread catapult
Based on the Su-24 model, our laboratory developed and manufactured propelling semi-copies of the MiG-29, Su-27, MiG-25, R-18 and R-16 aircraft. All of them have different sizes and weights, but they are united by spectacular flight, attractive appearance and ease of manufacture.
To develop the design abilities of novice modellers, on the basis of these models, it is possible to develop experimental copies of various schemes: tailless, flying wing, duck and others.
In competitions of modellers with semi-copies, copies, flight time, cleanliness of aerobatics and originality of development (for experimental models) are evaluated.
In conclusion, it should be noted that larger models can also be made, increasing the linear dimensions by one and a half times. In this case, you can use 5-mm plates prepared with a thermal cutter from quite affordable packaging foam.
Technical data of the Su-24 semi-copy model
Wingspan, mm;
at a sweep angle of 15° …. 280
at a sweep angle of 68°….. 210
at a sweep angle of 35°….. 260
Length, mm………………………………. 285
Height, mm…………………………….. 80
Model weight, g……………………… 20
S. KOLONSKOV, teacher of additional education of the highest category, Central Children's and Youth Sports School, Rybinsk
An interesting toy plane that is launched using a catapult
Author V.ALESHKIN
You can launch a non-powered aircraft model by hand. But much more convenient - rubber or mechanical catapult. And the flight range will increase, and the speed will increase markedly. At the start, for example, up to 70 m / s. One thing is bad - energetically launched, and even with a fair wind, the model can fly hundreds of meters away. So run after her!
By all appearances, such an occupation was not very to the liking of the American aircraft modeler R. Simon from Dakota. The guy he turned out to be resourceful and that's what he found a way out.
A non-motorized aircraft is, of course, the simplest aircraft. But why not equip it with a device that partially regulates the flight? Without resorting to electronics, Simon found the perfect solution. For its implementation, only an elastic band and two hooks were required. Let's tell you more.
As you know, the direction of flight sets the tail of the model. Thanks to him, she turns right, left, can move up or down. So the inventor decided to fix the plumage not rigidly, as is customary, but on the axis. In the vertical plane, such plumage was able to swing by 5 - 7 degrees, and in the horizontal by 1 - 2 degrees. And so that the movements did not go haphazardly, he strengthened the oscillating system with an elastic band (see fig.).
This, so to speak, is a constructive trick, and in order to better understand the physical essence, let us turn to such a little-studied and rarely used phenomenon in technology as auto-motor oscillations. Let's remember how the wires of high-voltage power lines hum in a strong wind. They generate sound like strings. The tail assembly of Simon's design behaves in the same way. By running the model with a high initial speed, we will ensure that the oncoming air flow, like wind in wires, will force the plumage to oscillate at a low frequency in two planes. Fluctuations will lead to a change in its position, which means it will change the flight path. The model will then sharply rise up, then go to the right, then descend, take it to the left ... The flight will turn out to be exciting, and you will not have to run far behind the model.
Another funny find Simon - whistles. They are installed under the wings and tuned to different sound frequencies. In flight, the model "sings".
If you want to build it, we advise you to take advantage of Simon's other improvement - catapults for manual and mechanical launch. Rubber is the easiest. You will need a strong stick with a diameter of 1 5 - 20 mm and a length of 250 - 300 mm. The type of tree does not matter. At the upper end of the stick, a ring of steel wire with a diameter of 1.5–2 mm is attached, and a tourniquet of 10–15 threads of aircraft model rubber 400–450 mm long is attached to it. The tourniquet ends with a steel detail, very similar to a fishing lure. The method of attaching it to the nose of the model is shown in the figure.
A more complex catapult is a mechanical one. It uses a step-up gearbox with a manual drive and a drum. At startup, a handrail is wound on it - a fishing line with a diameter of 0.7 - 0.9 mm and a length of 5 - 7 m. Of course, such a system works much more efficiently when driven by an electric motor. But you can also run it by hand.
As we said, the initial speed of the model at startup is very high. And so that at the final moment the “lure” jumps off the hook, Simon uses a parachute brake. Very similar to the one used in large aircraft.
Very interesting and simple model. The launch of this model is carried out using a rubber catapult. If you are making this model with a fairly old child, you can tell him about the physical meaning of such a device. By stretching the rubber band, you give it some kind of energy, which, when you release the plane, is transferred to it and our board can fly until this energy runs out. We can use just our hand as a "throwing weapon" without any additional devices - when we just launch the plane, as usual. But the catapult increases the force that we can transfer to the plane and it will fly further. By the way, catapults (not made of rubber, of course) were used to take off aircraft from aircraft carriers until they came up with a vertical take-off aircraft. The fact is that there is very little space, the runway is short, and in order to gain the speed necessary for takeoff, the aircraft needs additional energy, which the catapult gives it.
Necessary materials:
- Paper
- Pencil and ruler
- Rubber band for money
- Scotch
- Scissors
- Hole puncher
On a sheet of paper, mark and cut out a rectangle measuring 10x15 cm.
Fold it in half along the long side.
Fold the corner down. Turn over and fold the second corner in the same way.
Fold the corner down. Turn the model over and repeat on the other side.
Step 5
Secure with tape.
Fold back the wings and then return them to their original position.
What boy does not admire such constructions as airplanes? Do-it-yourself aircraft models made from ceiling tiles are a great gift for children who are fond of aviation. Especially if they took part in the assembly of the airframe. The article will tell you how to make a simple airplane model from ceiling tiles.
aircraft modeling
Aircraft model building is a popular technical sport that is of interest to schoolchildren, students, workers and engineers. At the same time, everyone chooses for himself a class of aircraft models that meets his interests.
In aircraft modeling, three rather large groups of aircraft models are distinguished, presented in the table:
| Model class | Peculiarities |
|
|
In such models, the intervention of the designer is impossible during the flight. All adjustments and settings of the aircraft are completed when it is launched. They can be: - non-motorized - gliders; - with the simplest, very small, internal combustion engine, which is attached to the body with an elastic band. The motors on the models work for several seconds to throw light-winged structures up to a hundred meters up, and then they smoothly descend. Timers or special clock mechanisms are used to turn off the engine and transfer the steering wheel to planning. |
|
|
With such models, the athlete controls wire threads, which are called cords. The vehicles fly in a circle with a diameter of about 40 meters. The “pilot” is located in its center with a control stick. When the handle is pulled towards you, the elevator is deflected, and the device obediently flies up. And the deviation of the handle from itself causes the model to decrease. The devices are:
|
|
|
Controlled remotely, without wires. To do this, there is a set of radio equipment, which includes a transmitter, in the hands of the operator, and a receiver with steering mechanisms mounted on board the model. |
Aircraft model device
Tip: Before you make an airplane out of ceiling tiles, you need to get acquainted with its design.
The device of all models is very similar. The main components of the radio-controlled aircraft model are shown in the photo.
This is:
- Fuselage. This is the basis of the entire model, on which are attached:
- bearing structures;
- tail section;
- chassis.
Installed inside:
- engine;
- aircraft control equipment: receiver, steering controls, batteries.
- Wing. Serves to create lift. The wing keeps the model in the air.
- ailerons- control surfaces located on the rear end of the wing and deviate up or down in antiphase. They allow the aircraft to tilt left and right.
- Tail unit. It consists of a vertical part - the keel, and a horizontal part - the stabilizer. This device provides the aircraft with stability so that it can fly straight and level, without tumbling in the sky, randomly changing its direction of movement.
A rudder is mounted on the rear end of the keel.
- Chassis. Allow the model to take off from the surface and then land on it.
Tip: If there is no landing gear, the model should be started from the hands, and the aircraft should be landed “on its belly”.
- Engine. Creates movement for the model, allows it to gain the desired height, and then maintain the specified speed.
- Tank. Serves for the fuel needed to run the engine.
- Receiver. Receives the transmitter signal, amplifies it, processes it. And then transfers to steering machines.
- Steering cars. Convert the signal coming from the receiver into the movement of the model's rudders through the connected rods.
- The receiver and the machine are powered from the onboard battery. Usually these are four "finger" elements.
Model selection
Tip: When choosing to make an airplane from ceiling tiles with your own hands, it is necessary to ensure, first of all, the reliability of taking off and landing, and then satisfying aesthetic needs.
The aircraft model must have the following properties:
- Be stable: keep well in the air without much pilot input.
- It is easy to repair, which is provided by model aircraft from ceiling tiles.
- Sufficient strength, but without sacrificing flight qualities: withstand hard landings, and fly well.
We do it ourselves
For work you will need tools and materials:
Making any design, including an aircraft model, with your own hands begins with the development of drawings. To do this, you can use the services of specialists or copy them from sites by printing templates on a printer or drawing to size.
After printer:
- Printouts on A4 sheet formats are laid out on a flat surface in serial numbers. The result should be an image of the elements of the aircraft in full size.
- All the necessary sheets are glued together.
- When gluing sheets without violating the dimensions and geometry of the future aircraft.
- Cut lines are marked by connecting special crosses drawn at the corners that define the boundaries of the image.
- The resulting drawings of aircraft from ceiling tiles with structural fragments are connected, glue is applied to the uncut edges of the sheets, and all parts are carefully glued together so that their joints match very exactly.
- This is how all fragmented elements of the model are glued together.
- Paper templates are cut with scissors.
Manufacturing of blanks
From the ceiling tiles, according to the prepared templates, blanks are cut out for assembling the aircraft.
Tip: To prevent the sheets from moving off the tile, they must be fixed to the surface of the material with glue. After marking is completed, the glue does not have time to dry and the paper is easily removed without damage for further use.
- To mark a simple part, with straight lines, it is enough to pierce all its corners with a needle.
- Remove the stencil and using a ruler from adjacent puncture points on the tile, cut through the material with the tip of a knife.
- The ruler is shifted to the next neighboring points, until the complete cutting of the part is completed.
- A workpiece of complex shape with rounded sides can be completely cut out according to the template.
- Each part is desirable to be marked, to facilitate its appointment, according to the assembly drawing.
Aircraft assembly
Before proceeding with the assembly of all the parts, it is better to watch the video.
The aircraft assembly technology can be roughly described as follows:
- Double partitions are glued together, consisting of several parts, which increase their strength. For example, fuselage partitions.
Tip: Titanium glue should be used for work, its price is the most affordable for beginner modellers. It is more convenient to apply glue with a syringe without a needle, using it as a dispenser.
- To ensure that the ends of the cut parts are even, they are cleaned with sandpaper.
- The side of the fuselage is placed on the table so that the front side is outside the aircraft. All mounting holes are cut on it.
- For this part, the same holes are made on the second half of the fuselage.
- Glue is applied to the glued side of the blank of the front partition of the compartment and the part is pressed into place. After spreading the composition on the mating part, the workpieces are separated and left to partially dry the glue, for about 30 seconds. The parts are again connected and pressed with a force of about 10 seconds.
- When assembling the aircraft, it is necessary, if necessary, to adjust the dimensions of the compartment for the battery, constantly checking the squareness of the joined parts with a square or a ruler.
- So gradually all the partitions of the fuselage are assembled.
- After installing all the partitions, the second fuselage sidewall is glued.
- The nose of the aircraft and the mounting of the frame under the engine are being completed.
- The upper part of the fuselage is installed.
- The tail blanks are glued together. At the same time, reinforcement from reinforced tape is immediately laid to fix the rudder and toothpicks for rigidity.
- The gluing is clamped with a board and clamps, which will ensure even gluing.
- The tail is glued into place.
- The vertical of the elements is controlled and strictly maintained.
- The elevator parts are glued together. At the same time, a bamboo skewer and adhesive tape are laid inside to fix the steering wheel. For the reliability of gluing the halves of the ceiling, the adhesive tape can be perforated with holes.
- The elements are compressed with a board and clamps, and left for about a day until the glue dries completely.
- The edges are ground with sandpaper or a stone at an angle of 45 °, which will allow them not to rest against each other when the planes of the model are tilted.
- The wing is assembled, lines are marked on it for gluing stiffeners, ribs, spars.
- A wooden axis or spar can be made from a wooden ruler 50 centimeters long.
- The spar rail is glued.
- The joint in the center is reinforced with two small slats.
- Styrofoam strips are glued on.
- The desired shape of the wing plane is set. To do this, the material of the substrate or ceiling is rolled on a piece of pipe.
- Glue is applied to all mating elements and final gluing is performed. The wing at the time of setting the adhesive composition is fixed in any way possible: cargo, clothespins, adhesive tape.
- The small dents formed from the clothespins are sanded with sandpaper.
- In the center of the wing, the cavities are closed, inserts are glued.
- After the glue dries, the ailerons are marked. In this case, it is necessary to additionally look at the node in the light, so as not to get on the partition.
- They are cut on both sides with a cutter, the finished aileron is removed.
- Opened cavities are sealed with strips of tiles.
- Ailerons can be glued immediately with reinforced tape or later, before the main fitting of the aircraft model.
- The front part of the wing can be reinforced with reinforced tape.
- The whole model is covered with adhesive tape, which serves for beauty, and most importantly, gives the structure greater strength, which will allow the product to withstand falls.
- The adhesive tape is smoothed with a warm iron, which will permanently attach it to the ceiling tile.
- A slot is made in the body of the aircraft into which the wing is installed.
- Servo machines are installed on the wing. To do this, the elements are applied and outlined with a marker, a seat is cut out.
- The wires are pulled with a homemade wire hook.
- On the contrary, horns are mounted on the ailerons and connected to the servos with a rigid wire.
- Two servos are installed in the fuselage of the aircraft, for the rudder and elevator.
For fixing, it is better to use double-sided tape, glued to all contact areas of the servo. - The elements are installed in place and the supporting walls are additionally glued. They are laid from a rigid wire of thrust to the rudders.
- A frame is made for mounting the motor.
- Thin plywood is glued from the motor mounting side, bolts will be screwed into it for fixing.
- The frame for the motor is glued into place.
- The motor driver is mounted in front of the fuselage, wires are brought out through the ventilation window and connected.
Car modeling, motor glider, foam planes. Motor installation
- The direction of rotation is checked.
- The fairing is put in place and fastened with adhesive tape.
- To strengthen the installation site of the wing, it must be fixed by gluing plywood or thin shingles.
- The receiver is placed, and all the wires are assembled from all the electronics.
- The bottom of the fuselage is glued, a hatch for mounting the battery is cut through.
- The total weight of the model is approximately 450 grams.
- You can fly over a model aircraft. The video will show you how to do it.
Assembling airplanes from ceiling tiles is the easiest option that a novice aviation enthusiast can do if desired. The main condition is to do everything carefully, adhering to the assembly technology, but it is better to take the advice of a specialist.
Here's what we did (video)
Some models are difficult to throw away, but the chassis is not. For such models there is a catapult. My version was created according to existing analogues, taking into account the available materials.
Built, tested, redesigned and re-tested launch catapult FunJet Ultra.
For the manufacture needed: 3 rails 30x40x2000; hairpin M8x1000 sawn into 3 pieces; 6 wing nuts M8 + 6 nuts M8 with lock; 2 flat corners; 2 bolts M5 + 2 nuts; 4 screws.
The rack itself is collapsible. Can be folded to a flat state and disassembled to a "bunch of sticks" state.
Next, rubber: 4 pieces of 3mm and 4 pieces of 4mm fishing rubber, 15m each. The meters are apparently also rubber, because. all pieces are different lengths. But this is not very important, because. when stretched, the difference is not visible. A steel ring is attached to the rubber on the far side, two more rings are attached to the cord (rope) from the other end. The cord with rings is divided approximately in half and this place is attached to the rubber.
Additionally, the main anchor is required - a large crowbar pin for driving into the ground. And a smaller pin for the trigger. I have a smaller M12 pin with a sharpened end as a pin.
The trigger device is a long stick with a hole at the end and a "foot"-support in the middle. From the side it looks like a children's swing.
How it works: we measure at least 4 lengths of rubber between the pins along the wind line (launch against the wind), drive them into the ground, stretch the rubber, first put a stick with a hole on the trigger pin, then a ring. To descend, you just need to step on the other end of the stick. Simple, cheap, fast to make. Next, we install the catapult and the plane so that the second ring is put on the hook of the plane.
The towing hook was made of a 5 mm rod (electrode), a thread was cut, a hole was made in the plane, reinforcement was glued from a piece of carbon plate on the outside and a piece of a wooden ruler on the inside.
When you start the RV to the maximum up.
I sketched a diagram. The yellow bullshit is the trigger. I didn’t draw the catapult stand itself, everything seems to be clear anyway.
One more remark must be made. The closer the hook is to the CG of the model, the more it will turn up at the start of the nose. Rubber-launched gliders generally fly vertically upwards, but they are no longer catapults.
I did it at random, the distance from the hook to the CG is quite large, more than 100mm. It flies horizontally, accelerates to a decent speed, at which it becomes controllable.
On the weekend I made 3 more starts, all went well. I considered a little what was happening, before that emotions and jitters did not give. While acceleration is in progress, the model does not react in any way to a fully raised RV. Then it goes up sharply and the hook is unhooked. Gas can be given somewhere at this transitional stage. Once again I was convinced of the reliability of such a start.
