The speed of a personal computer directly depends on the correct selection and installation of all its components. Correct selection and installation of RAM memory modules is the most important key to the successful operation of your PC.
In the previous article we looked at . In this article we will look at the issues of selecting RAM and its proper arrangement in the motherboard slots.
Basic recommendations applicable to all types and types of memory:
– it is best to install DIMM modules with the same memory capacity;
– the modules must match in operating frequency (Mhz); if you install modules with different operating frequencies, then in the end they will all operate at the frequency of the slowest memory;
– for installed RAM cards, it is advisable to combine timings and memory latencies (delays);
– it is better to select modules from one manufacturer and one model.
Some enthusiasts try to buy modules from the same batch, but this, it seems to me, is already a perversion!
These tips are not strictly followed; situations vary. If memory modules differ from each other in manufacturer, volume and operating frequency, this does not mean at all that they will not work. In this case, there are no special memory layout secrets - just installing them is enough.
There are also no special features when installing already outdated types of memory such as SDRAM (there is one rule - the more, the better).
But in modern computers, motherboards support special operating memory modes. It is in these modes that the speed of RAM memory will be most efficient. Therefore, to achieve the best performance, you should consider the operating modes of the DIMMs and their correct installation. Let's look at the most common RAM operating modes today.
RAM operating modes
SINGLE CHANELL MODE
Single Mode (single channel or asymmetric mode) – this mode is implemented when only one memory module is installed in the system or all DIMMs differ from each other in memory capacity, operating frequency or manufacturer. It doesn’t matter in which slots or what memory to install. All memory will run at the speed of the slowest memory installed.
If there is only one module, then it can be installed in any memory slot:
Two or three different memory modules can also be installed in any configuration:
This mode is more of a necessity when you already have RAM, and the first place is to increase the amount of memory and save money, and not to achieve the best PC performance. If you are just buying a computer, of course, it is better to avoid such a memory installation.
DUAL CHANELL MODE
Dual Mode (two-channel or symmetrical mode) – the same amount of RAM is installed in each DIMM channel. Modules are selected according to operating frequency. On motherboards, the DIMM sockets for each channel are different colors. Next to them is written the name of the connector, and sometimes the channel number. The purpose of the connectors and their location along the channels must be indicated in the motherboard manual. The total memory volume is equal to the total volume of all installed modules. Each channel is served by its own memory controller. System performance increases by 5-10%.
Dual Mode can be implemented using two, three or four DIMMs.
If two identical RAM memory modules are used, they should be connected to the same connectors (the same color) from different channels. For example, install one module in the slot 0 channel A, and the second - into the connector 0 channel B:
That is, to enable the mode Dual Channel(alternating mode) the following conditions must be met:
– the same configuration of DIMM modules is installed on each memory channel;
– memory is inserted into symmetrical channel connectors ( Slot 0 or Slot 1) .
Three memory modules are installed in a similar way - the total memory volumes in each channel are equal to each other (memory in the channel A equal in volume in the channel B):
And for four modules the same condition is satisfied. There are two parallel dual modes at work here:
TRIPLE CHANELL MODE
(three-channel mode) – the same amount of RAM is installed in each of the three DIMM channels. Modules are selected according to speed and volume. On motherboards that support three-channel memory mode, 6 memory connectors are usually installed (two for each channel). Sometimes there are motherboards with four connectors - two connectors make up one channel, the other two are connected to the second and third channels, respectively.
With six or three sockets, installation is as simple as with dual-channel mode. If four memory slots are installed, three of which can work in , the memory should be installed in these slots.
(flexible mode) – allows you to increase the performance of RAM when installing two modules of different sizes, but identical in operating frequency. As in dual-channel mode, memory cards are installed in the same connectors of different channels. For example, if there are two memory sticks with a capacity of 512Mb and 1Gb, then one of them should be installed in the slot 0 channel A, and the second - into the slot 0 channel B:
In this case, the 512 MB module will work in dual mode with the 512 MB memory capacity of the second module, and the remaining 512 MB of the 1 GB module will work in single-channel mode.
That’s basically all the recommendations for combining RAM. Of course, there may be more layout options, it all depends on the amount of RAM, the motherboard model and your financial capabilities. Motherboards with support also appeared on sale four-channel mode memory performance - this will give you maximum computer performance!
RAM is a component of a computer. The most important characteristic is measured in gigabytes: the more, the better. Other characteristics are much less important - timings and number of strips, dual-channel... This device has many other names:
- "brain"
- memory
- RAM
- RAM (random access memory)
- SDRAM
What does RAM look like?
This article explains in detail the purpose of RAM, how to install it yourself (no more difficult than replacing a light bulb!), and the subtleties of choice. The main thing: after reading a couple of pages of this text, an inexperienced user will easily understand the marketing mantras about megahertz frequencies and will know whether another gigabyte of memory will be useful, or whether the seller is selling an unnecessary product.
What RAM does: a clear explanation
Temporarily stores operational information. Not the one needed to save movies with music, but the one used by Windows itself, programs, games, etc. Such information is stored only when the PC is turned on. The computer turns on, the system starts - and during startup, programs and modules are launched that write the necessary data from the HDD to RAM. So that the computer can “communicate” with this data very quickly - i.e. operate promptly(hence the term “operative”).
In short, this is ultra-fast memory, which is 300 times faster than a hard drive. The quick response of a running program (the instantaneous appearance of a menu when pressing the right mouse button, for example) is a merit of high RAM speeds.
Analogue RAM in the real world - something that is stored in the human brain for a short time. This data is ready for brain processing at any second. With RAM in the brain we can compare, for example, information that we remember for a short time while performing some kind of work. For example, we consider 9 + 3 = 1 and 2 in our minds... Or another example, a waiter remembers what a table was ordered for him - he will most likely forget this information in a couple of hours, replacing it with another. Of course, comparing human memory and computer memory is not very correct, because the brain works differently and everything that gets into the RAM can be remembered and end up in long-term memory (in the HDD), which cannot be the case with a computer... With the HDD, you can compare long-term memory, for example, we read a book and remember something. But access to such data is sometimes not fast, because in order to remember, you need to take a book from the shelf and refresh your memory - such memory can be compared to the hard drive memory in a computer - not fast, but fundamental.
Finally, there are also very lightning-fast types of memory. In a computer, this is the processor cache, which is tightly built into the CPU, and in the human head - something that has been firmly and firmly memorized since the school desk: the multiplication table, “live and write with the letter i”, “twice two”, etc. P.
How many GB of RAM do you need?
The bigger, the better? Yes, but only up to a certain limit. Modern computers (from 2012-14) are extremely rarely equipped with one gigabyte of RAM - this is already the day before yesterday and a museum exhibit, and not a real product in 2017.
2 gigabytes RAM is the typical capacity of frankly budget machines. Perhaps this is enough - but it is extremely uncomfortable in terms of speed and responsiveness even with the browser, Word, Skype and antivirus open. No, in 2017 two gigabytes are incredibly small - but somehow you can live with them.
4 gigabytes RAM is a certain “threshold” value of RAM capacity. Both fairly budget laptop models and more or less expensive analogues are equipped with four gigabytes. Enough? Frankly, yes; but there is no reserve. The “gluttony” of programs and the operating system itself is capable of loading all 4 gigabytes to capacity, although not always.
8 gigabytes DDR is a zone of comfort and tranquility. Rarely, very rarely, a computer will take up at least 5-6 gigabytes of RAM (this is in 2016, but in 2018 code appetites will be able to fill up a not so huge amount!).
16, 32 (or 128!) gigabytes RAM is unlikely to be needed by the average user - this is already out of space. What's the use of a multi-ton truck body when the car can't carry anything larger than a washing machine? In 2017, it’s hardly worth buying extra gigabytes of RAM just to “have it.”
The table lists the main “eaters” of RAM. The numbers are only approximate - for some Windows takes more megabytes, for others less. Tabs with websites may contain a short page without pictures, or they may contain monstrous panels of social networks with all contacts, blinkers and reminders. Games require a lot, but before starting them it is customary to disable unnecessary browsers and text documents.
So, the table: who “eats” how much RAM. Typical RAM consumption by modern programs. 2016-2017; further - only more.
| Programs and their components | Occupied amount of RAM, megabytes (not GB!) |
| OS Windows 7 | 500-1500 |
| Windows 8 (or 10) OS | 500-1800 |
| Browser with 5-7 open tabs | 400-800 |
| Word | 200 |
| Skype | 100 |
| Numerous service processes, updates, drivers | 10-20 MB in each of 20-50 such microprograms = 200-1000 megabytes |
| Download manager | 20-30 |
| Modern game | 2000-3000 |
| Game sample 2010-2012 | 1000-2000 |
| Antivirus in normal condition | 300-500 |
| Antivirus in full scan mode | 2000-2500 |
So how much RAM does Windows 7 need, for example? Try not to buy computers with 2 gigabytes on board - this is frankly not enough. 4 gigabytes is just good, 8 is super. More is not worth it, as a rule. 16 gigabytes and above are needed for:
- advanced “computer geeks”, for whom a completely standard task is to run 2-3 virtual systems in Windows;
- avid gamers with ultra-high resolution monitors and expensive video cards;
- programmers with the need to debug and test desktop programs;
- video designers and their photo colleagues - and even then not always;
- simply because you want more than others. No focus on practicality.
Types of RAM, frequency and other characteristics
18-20 years have passed since the introduction of the first DDR standard. Several generations of computers have changed, their performance has increased significantly. At any given time, no more than two generations of memory are relevant. In 2017, this is the rapidly aging DDR3, which reigned on the market for 7 years, and the already familiar DDR4. If you buy a new computer, then most likely it will be equipped with the fourth generation of RAM. If we are talking about upgrading an old one (5-8 years ago), then DDR3 works inside. The generations are not compatible with each other: it is physically impossible to insert a DDR4 die into the connector from the “three”, and vice versa.
RAM for laptops differs from regular “desktop” memory in physical dimensions. Laptop RAM is half the length of standard RAM. Frequencies, volume and generation of DDR correspond to each other for laptops and PCs. True, memory for laptops is divided into 2 more subcategories that are physically incompatible with each other:
- standardSO-DIMM(the SO prefix indicates the laptop RAM size) – the most common option;
- low power memory SO-DDR3L(or simply DDR3L, or the newest DDR4L): most often found in inexpensive laptop models.
The second important characteristic of RAM after capacity is frequency. The more, the better, in principle - but DDR4 at 2100 MHz is just a penny slower than DDR4 at 2800 MHz. The difference is almost 1-2 percent, and even then only in some applications. You shouldn't overpay for megahertz - maybe 2-3 dollars. There are also other characteristics of memory: delays, also known as timings. The lower the timings, the faster the memory works (that’s right - timing 10 is preferable to 12). You certainly shouldn’t rely on this characteristic, although in the DDR/DDR2 era 15 years ago timings mattered more than they do today. However, this is already history.
RAM prices: let's look at the offers
Since about 2010, RAM has been obscenely cheap compared to older times. How much exactly? We apologize for the prices in dollars, but... they are not called “evergreen” for nothing. The prices given are not the cheapest, according to the Bayon.ru online store - but with a margin.
Table: cost of RAM (for laptop and PC), 2017. DDR3 and DDR4 models are presented, as well as “laptop” SO-DIMM form factors.
| Memory type | Frequency, MHz | Price,$ | Note |
| DDR3, 2 GB | 1600 | 19,85 | Cheapest decent option |
| DDR3, 4 GB | 1600 | 26,00 | |
| DDR3, 4 GB | 2400 | 32,15 | Dear, “overclocker” RAM |
| DDR3, 8 GB | 1600 | 38,60 | |
| SO-DIMM DDR3, 2 GB | 1600 | 19,85 | The cheapest RAM stick for a laptop |
| SO-DIMM DDR3, 4 GB | 1600 | 27,50 | The most popular type of laptop RAM |
| SO-DIMM DDR3, 4 GB | 1833 | 29,30 | Popular volume, increased frequency |
| SO-DIMM DDR3, 8 GB | 1600 | 34,50 | Large volume, standard frequency |
| DDR4, 4 GB | 2133 | 26,00 | Average DDR3 4 GB |
| DDR4, 8 GB | 2133 | 42,90 | Popular high volume bar |
| DDR4, 8 GB | 2400 | 55,60 | Large volume, increased frequency |
| SO-DIMM DDR4, 4 GB | 2133 | 27,50 | Standard bracket for a modern laptop |
| SO-DIMM DDR4, 8 GB | 2133 | 43,50 | Volume bar of a modern laptop |
Is it worth upgrading (adding) RAM?
Definitely yes, if the amount of RAM is less than 2-3 gigabytes: the performance increase will be visible to the naked eye. The performance "breaking point" is somewhere between 2 and 4 GB of RAM. Less RAM means significantly less speed. More - everything works as it should, in a word - “flies”.
More likely yes than no, if the available volume is 4 gigabytes. The speed of the computer is unlikely to increase, but there will be significantly fewer freezes and lags. Not a bad investment.
There is no need if there are already 6-8 gigabytes “on board”.
There is no need if the point of updates is to buy DDR with a higher clock frequency. The benefit from such an upgrade, if not zero, tends to be so.
How to add RAM to a computer? What about a laptop? DIY RAM upgrade
PC desktops are larger “creations”. Inside the case you can place at least 10 laptops (in size!). There are a lot of slots and connectors on desktop motherboards, unlike ultra-compact laptops, where every millimeter is saved. The typical number of slots in a computer for RAM is 2 or 4. As a rule, only 1-2 of them are occupied. Adding a RAM stick to an already working one is a matter of a couple of minutes. It is enough to turn off the computer, open the system unit and insert the DDR stick into the appropriate connector. No tools or even a screwdriver are needed.
The main requirement is that the RAM must be of the appropriate generation. There is no way to fit modern DDR4 into a DDR3 slot: even their sizes are different. But the volume of the additional bar can be any. The frequency can also be any, but at different frequencies of several RAM sticks, the computer runs on the smallest of them.
On laptops everything is a little more complicated. They have three types of RAM slots:
- Dual slot configurations: as a rule, RAM is already inserted into 2 connectors. In this case, you should buy one more capacious module and replace the existing one with a new one. Classics of the genre: 4 GB of RAM, 2 sticks of 2 GB each. There are no other connectors. You will have to buy a 4 GB memory module (or 8 GB, if necessary), and insert it in place of the old one. As a result, we get 6 GB of RAM. By the way, the old module can be sold.
Less commonly, there are two slots, one of which is occupied and the other is free. Everything is perfectly simple: we buy additional RAM of any volume, insert it into an empty slot. For example, there were 4 GB (one stick), we buy another 4 GB in one stick, insert... the result is 8 GB.
- Single-slot configurations(usually inexpensive laptop models). There is only one slot, and it, of course, is already filled with a RAM stick. The only option is to remove the old module and install a new one with a larger volume.
- Laptops with soldered RAM. An upgrade is almost impossible: unsoldering the old module and re-soldering the new one is a non-trivial and very risky task. However, the RAM is permanently soldered only in inexpensive machines, and this does not happen too often.
How to find out the number of slots and type of memory in a laptop or computer
Any diagnostic program like CPU-Z will do. Download, install, look in the memory section.
Basic information about RAM: how many GB, etc., is located in the Memory tab. The following characteristics are immediately visible:
- Memory type: DDR3
- RAM capacity: 6 GB
- Number of channels: 2 (Dual)
- Less interesting indicators are timings and frequency: 665.1 MHz (the DDR standard implies two-way exchange of information with memory, so the true frequency is 1333 MHz).
The following conclusions can be drawn: the computer (in this case, a laptop) clearly has 2 slots, both of which are occupied. This is indicated by the two-channel operating mode, which is possible only if there is an even number of strips. Another conclusion is a clearly non-standard configuration: 4+2 GB of RAM. Typically, manufacturers set the amount of RAM that is a multiple of 2: 2, 4, 8, or 16 gigabytes. This means that the owner has already upgraded the RAM.
Much more detailed information is described in the next tab of the CPU-Z utility: SPD (brain speed). In the upper left part of the window you can actually see that there are 2 slots, both of them are occupied. The first connector houses a 2 gig (2048 MB) chip with a frequency of 667 (1333 MHz). The second has 4 gigabytes (4096 MB) with the same frequency of 1333.
A couple of information bonuses: the production date of one of the RAMs is visible (week 9 of 2011), and the manufacturers of both sticks: Nanya and PNY.
How can you upgrade the RAM in the example above? 6 gigabytes is quite sufficient volume for 2016, but if you have a strong desire, you can buy one 4 GB DDR3 stick (price - about 26 dollars), and insert it instead of the old 2 GB one (by the way, you can sell it for 5 dollars). 8). The result will be 8 gigabytes of RAM.
Manufacturers of RAM: which one is better. And – final tips
Whoever produces RAM: the processor giant AMD, Samsung and LG, and numerous Kingston, Corsair, etc. In the most numerous segment of RAM there is really no difference between manufacturers. They all produce reliable and fast DDR, which is capable of some overclocking.
You should think about the manufacturer only in cases where more serious overclocking, special requirements for reliability, and, perhaps, for the artistic beauty of RAM are required. That's right, more expensive models are available with optional, but amazingly cute radiators for cooling the modules.
And further. RAM is a remarkably reliable thing. It is quite safe to pick it up, “used” - most likely, it will work for many more years, with the same characteristics and energy consumption.
(English) we went over the basic concepts and characteristics of RAM. In this article we want to touch on topics that often cause controversy, and we will try to understand the following myths and statements:
- All DDR3 memory is the same
- Just need to add more RAM
- There are only a few DIMM manufacturers
- DDR-3200 support means any RAM can be used
- When installing different RAM modules, the RAM operates at the speed (timings) of the slowest DIMM
- It is cheaper to buy two sets of DIMMs than one large and expensive set
- RAM works faster when all slots are occupied
- RAM faster than 1600 MT/s does not provide performance gains
- 8 GB capacity will last for the next ten years
- You will never be able to use 16 GB of memory
- I'm not using all the available memory, so additional memory won't give me a speedup
- 64-bit OS allows you to use any amount of RAM
- 1.65V RAM Can Damage Intel Processors
- Dual channel mode doubles the data transfer speed, meaning the RAM runs twice as fast
Myths about RAM | All DDR3 memory is the same
This topic alone deserves a separate article, but we will try to discuss it briefly and outline several points.
- Consider the Kingston Fury line of RAM, which is not equipped with an XMP profile and instead uses plug and play technology. The modules are reasonably priced, look nice, come with colorful heatsinks, and are aimed at users of older systems who would like to upgrade their RAM. But since this memory is PnP based, it will only work with certain chipsets: Intel's H67, P67, Z68, Z77, Z87 and H61, along with AMD's A75, A87, A88, A89, A78 and E35. You can also add Z87 and Z97 here. The list of chipsets is taken from the company's website.
- The chips themselves are also different:
- Most RAM manufactured today uses high-density 4 Gbit memory chips, while older DDR3 uses lower-density 2 Gbit chips. Old memory controllers can only handle low-density chips. One of our editors recently discovered that none of the P55 motherboards were willing to work with its 8GB modules. And if you install memory with different characteristics, the module may not be detected or may lose stability.
- Memory chips are produced by many companies that adhere to their own specifications. Each line of chips is tested or binned, and according to the quality of the chip, it is marked and allocated into different series.
We generally recommend checking with RAM manufacturers, who spend a lot of time testing memory on different motherboards. Motherboard manufacturers also provide Qualified Vendor Lists (QVLs) of RAM whose products they have tested on a specific board. But usually these lists indicate a small number of manufacturers whose memory was in the laboratory. Therefore, it is better to check the list of the memory manufacturer. You can find a lot of useful tips and tricks on RAM modules for specific platforms and motherboards, as well as information about their speed and compatibility with various processors.
Myths about RAM | Just need to add more RAM
JEDEC is an association of electronic device manufacturers and developers that sets industry standards for widespread adoption among its members. Since some RAM manufacturers have exceeded the JEDEC maximum of DDR3-1600 CAS 11 (and later CAS 9) and are offering tighter timings and higher data rates, mixing different RAM modules has not been as easy as originally thought.
Simply put, mixing RAM modules from different sets does not guarantee stable operation, even if you have two identical sets of the same model line. We would like to add that DIMMs that do not work well together can often, but not always, be made to work by adjusting the voltage and/or timings. For the article "DDR3 memory: how to improve system performance?" two companies, instead of single sets of 32 GB RAM with a speed of 2400 MT/s, sent us a pair of identical sets of modules in a 2 x 8 GB configuration. Initially they did not work together, but with the help of minor adjustments we achieved a positive result.
What is the problem? After all, the modules have the same frequencies, timings and voltage.
DRAM basically consists of memory chips soldered onto a circuit board. During the production process of a certain model of RAM, a manufacturer may use up a certain batch of printed circuit boards, and then switch to new PCBs from another production batch, which, as a result, may affect a number of characteristics.
The same thing can happen with solder. The manufacturer may start using a different type that has slightly modified conductive properties.
Also, the crystals themselves may be different. During the production process, chips undergo binning, that is, sorting according to their quality.
Let's look at this concept from a theoretical perspective. One production batch may have, say, 1000 memory chips that are separated or binned. A manufacturer can classify 200 chips as entry-level chips, 350 slightly better chips, 300 even better chips, and 150 first-class chips. They then sell these chips to different memory module manufacturers.
If you buy DDR3-1866 memory modules from several companies, you will most likely receive different PCBs, solder with different conductive properties, and quite possibly different levels of chips from different manufacturers.
The memory chips themselves are produced by several different companies, which only exacerbates the compatibility problem. You probably already understand why mixing different RAM modules often causes problems.
We also noticed that most of the new RAM lines use 4 Gbit chips, while the older lines use 2 Gbit.
Myths about RAM | There are only a few DIMM manufacturers
This is both a myth and a fallacy. There are several memory chip companies and many RAM module manufacturers. There are RAM modules made by one or more companies for other companies. For example, AMD Radeon RAM is produced by Patriot and VisionTek.
Myths about RAM | DDR-3200 support means any RAM can be used
To use expensive 3200 MT/s memory, you need a processor that can handle such high data transfer rates. Otherwise, the memory will only work in 1333, 1600 or 1866 modes.
Back in the days of Intel LGA 775 processors, CPU and RAM overclocking was done primarily through the FSB (Front Side Bus). Let's say you have a Q6600 processor and your motherboard supports 1066 MHz FSB. In this case, the processor will operate at a native frequency of 2.4 GHz, and the memory at a speed of 1066 MT/s. If you want to overclock the processor by increasing the FSB frequency to 1333, then it will run at 3 GHz, and the memory will run at 1333 MT/s. In other words, the memory speed was limited by the FSB frequency limit. The memory controller was located in the chipset, usually in the northbridge of the motherboard, and also operated at FSB frequency.
Today the memory controller has moved to the CPU. So the main determining factor in memory operation at advertised frequencies is the CPU. Processors based on the Haswell architecture are designed for DDR3-1600 memory, and mid- and high-end chips that do not belong to the K series can usually work quite stably with memory up to 1866 - 2133 MT/s. K-series processors are overclockable and their controllers support higher data rate modules aimed at enthusiasts.
AMD's current line of FX processors support "up to 1866 MT/s per DIMM channel." However, you may encounter problems running memory in 1866 mode on entry-level and sometimes mid-range processors. This is partly due to the fact that the FX processors' memory controller is optimized for DDR3-1333 (according to the BIOS and Kernel Programming Guide). Like any other processor, FX chips can be overclocked to run at speeds even higher than DDR3-1866, but this will have a negative impact on stability.
Myths about RAM | When installing different RAM modules, the RAM operates at the speed (timings) of the slowest DIMM
Let's say you have a DDR3-1600 CAS 9 module and you add another module, but it's 1866 CAS 9. This may cause the RAM to run at the motherboard's default settings, which is 1333 CAS 9 or 10 (many AMD motherboards use 1066 by default). Or both modules will operate in 1600 CAS 9 (10 or even 11) mode if DOCP, EOCP, XMP or AMP technologies were enabled before installing the DDR3-1866 module.
But you can also set the parameters manually. Typically, in such scenarios, we would try the 1866 mode at 10-10-10-27, increasing the voltage a little, about +0.005 V. Depending on the results, you can adjust the memory controller voltage.
Myths about RAM | It is cheaper to buy two sets of DIMMs than one large and expensive set
Even if you buy two identical sets, there is no guarantee that they will work together. The RAM modules sold in one kit have been tested for compatibility. Manufacturers do not guarantee the performance of mixed sets, even if they use the same memory module models.
Buyers often do this with high-speed modules and rely on XMP for setup. When XMP is enabled, the motherboard can read the profile of two sticks of RAM and set minor timings accordingly, but the tRFC timings for two modules may be 226, while a combination of four modules will require a value of 314. This problem is difficult to detect because users rarely go to the secondary timing settings.
Myths about RAM | RAM works faster when all slots are occupied
Two sticks of RAM put less load on the memory controller than four. Less power is required, the memory controller needs less voltage to run smoothly, and the RAM usually runs a little faster, although it's not noticeable. The same goes for three- and four-channel motherboards. Users are often misled into thinking that four DIMMs (often sold as quad-channel sets) always operate in quad-channel mode, even though dual-channel motherboards cannot operate this way at all.
Myths about RAM | RAM faster than 1600 MT/s does not provide performance gains
The accuracy of this statement depends on several factors. For processors with an integrated graphics core or APU, this is completely false, since the video core uses system memory, and the faster it is, the better!
Most RAM tests measure read, write, and copy speeds. Many game tests when changing RAM 1600 to 2133 demonstrate an increase in frame rate from 3 to 5 FPS. This is because in most games, RAM is primarily used as a conduit for transferring information to the GPU, as well as a buffer for frequently accessed data. The fact remains that RAM can improve FPS slightly. Since the price difference between 1600 and 2133 RAM isn't always that big, sometimes buying faster RAM can be worth it.
In addition, the WinRAR archiver takes data from RAM and compresses it into RAM before writing it to disk. When changing DDR3-1600 memory to 2400, the speed increase in tests using WinRAR can reach 25 percent. There are many other memory-intensive applications: video editing, image manipulation, CAD, and so on. Even a small speed advantage can save time if you work in such applications.
If you use your PC in an office single-tasking mode, for example, taking notes, then browsing the web, then watching a video, then you definitely do not need faster RAM. If you tend to multitask, such as having a bunch of browser tabs open at once while working with large spreadsheets or watching videos in a window, or working with images and running virus scans in the background, then faster memory can benefit certain benefits.
You can test this yourself by running several similar applications with 1600 MT/s memory and then with faster RAM. Once you've downloaded multiple applications, run a benchmark like SiSoftware Sandra and simultaneously archive a large file using WinRAR. While these tasks are running, walk through the open Windows windows, then check Sandra's results and the backup time.
Myths about RAM | 8 GB capacity will last for the next ten years
If you really don't like multitasking, then 8GB will be enough. But this does not apply to gamers and enthusiasts. Five years ago 2 GB was enough, then 4 GB and so on.
Another fact: computer manufacturers often skimp on RAM. For example, when 2 GB seemed enough, they installed 1 GB. Today, 6 - 8 GB of RAM is considered the norm and 16 GB is also not uncommon, so it is unlikely that the 8 GB level will last long as a standard. Games are using more and more RAM. If you are building a new system and want it to remain relevant for several years, we recommend 16 GB of RAM.
Myths about RAM | You will never be able to use 16 GB of memory
This misconception is a continuation of the previous one, but is more relevant to users of applications that intensively use RAM, as well as to those who work with large volumes of files and data. The more RAM you have, the more data it can hold for instant re-access, instead of having to go to the file on your hard drive or the network to download again.
Many people use more than 20GB of memory in their system at once almost every day, and this is becoming the norm among Tom's Hardware forum members, who often discuss maximizing the performance of their 8GB and 16GB RAM kits.
Remember also that manufacturers do a lot of research and contact with software developers and users. Therefore, there are certainly reasons for the fact that modern motherboards are designed to support 32 GB, 64 GB and 128 GB (or more) RAM.
Myths about RAM | I'm not using all the RAM, so additional memory won't give a boost
In some situations, increasing the amount of RAM can speed up the execution of some processes. Many programs adjust the amount of data stored in memory based on the amount of RAM available, so more RAM saves time by storing more frequently used data in RAM (rather than on the hard drive). This can be especially useful when you are working on projects with a variety of images or videos, CAD, GIS, virtual machines, etc. Another advantage of having a large amount of RAM is the ability to create a RAM disk for downloading games, applications and other data. Such a disk has its hidden disadvantages, but many users are delighted with this opportunity.
Myths about RAM | 64-bit OS allows you to use any amount of RAM
Many people believe that you can use an infinite amount of RAM with a 64-bit operating system, but this is not true. As an example, here are the RAM limits in Windows 7:
| RAM limits in Windows 7 | ||
| x86 (32-bit) | x64 (64-bit) | |
| Windows 7 Ultimate | 4 GB | 192 GB |
| Windows 7 Enterprise | 4 GB | 192 GB |
| Windows 7 Professional | 4 GB | 192 GB |
| Windows 7 Home Premium | 4 GB | 16 GB |
| Windows 7 Home Basic | 4 GB | 8 GB |
| Windows 7 Starter | 2 GB | does not exist |
And on Windows 8:
| RAM limits in Windows 8 | ||
| x86 (32-bit) | x64 (64-bit) | |
| Windows 8 Enterprise | 4 GB | 512 GB |
| Windows 8 Professional | 4 GB | 512 GB |
| Windows 8 | 4 GB | 128 GB |
Myths about RAM | 1.65V Memory May Damage Intel Processors
For its processors, Intel recommends memory with a voltage of 1.50 V and a certain data transfer rate. For Haswell it is DDR3-1600. However, what is confusing is the fact that Intel also certifies RAM (even DDR3-1600) that operates at 1.60 and 1.65 volts. Keep in mind that a voltage of 1.60 - 1.65 V is considered normal for DDR3-2133 and higher RAM.
Most lower data rate memory (such as DDR3-1333 and 1600) use 1.50V or less. We recommend that you avoid purchasing RAM at these speeds if the voltage is 1.65V, as this may mean that the manufacturer used the cheapest and lowest quality memory chips. Why do RAM with good chips even need a voltage of 1.60 -1.65 V? To further protect yourself from problems in the future, we would recommend not buying DDR3-1866 memory that exceeds 1.50V unless it has lower timings (CL7 or CL8).
Myths about RAM | Dual channel mode doubles the data transfer speed, meaning the RAM runs twice as fast
This is another misconception. When you install two sticks in dual-channel mode, the memory controller does not treat the RAM as two separate 64-bit devices, but as one 128-bit device. In theory, this should double throughput, but in practice the speed increase is 20-50 percent on Intel processors and slightly less on AMD chips.
This article was written with the participation of many forum members, but there are too many of them to list them all. We would also like to thank the wonderful people at companies like Corsair, G.Skill and Team Group, whose knowledge and experience in the field has been a great help to us.
As always, comments and constructive criticism on the article are welcome.
RAM is a capricious madam. She is not capable of much on her own, but she is extremely picky in choosing a mate: they say, don’t give me just anyone. Moreover, the quarrelsome nature of the RAM can make itself felt both immediately after the neighbor appears, and over time. For example, when you urgently need a computer.
Today we will dot all the “E”s on the questions of whether it is possible to combine different sticks of RAM on one PC, whether it is possible for RAM of different generations, types, volume, frequency and manufacturers to work together. And if possible, then under what conditions.
Connection of generations
My motherboard has generation RAM slotsDDR2 andDDR3. Is it possible to install dies of both types on it?
The clear answer is no. Such hybrid modifications of motherboards were produced at the turn of the transition from the DDR2 to DDR3 standard. They are capable of working with either DDR2 memory with frequencies of 667, 800 and 1066 mHz, or with DDR3 memory with frequencies of 1066 and 1333 mHz. If you install DDR2 and DDR3 together on such a board (of course, in slots of their own type), the computer will not start.
DDR3 + DDR3L = ?
Is it possible to use two modules together?RAM, one of whichDDR-3, and the second -DDR-3L? How is the second different from the first?
DDR3 memory has been the only choice for a long time. And only shortly before DDR4 entered the market, its new modification, DDR3L, was released. The letter “L” in the name of the latter means “low voltage”.
The DDR3L RAM is powered by a voltage of 1.35 V, and its predecessor consumes 1.5 V - this is their main difference. Externally, both types of planks look the same.
The DDR3L standard is fully compatible with motherboards and processors designed for DDR3, but not vice versa. Thus, Intel processors of the Skylake S microarchitecture do not officially support DDR 3, although they support DDR 3L.
Sharing modules of both types is sometimes possible, but not desirable. All memory installed in the slots of one motherboard is powered by the same voltage level, so only one of the sticks will be in optimal conditions. Computers with this RAM configuration are usually unstable, and some do not turn on at all.
Volumes and channels
I want to install RAM in all 4 slots, does the capacity of each module matter? Which combination will work faster - 4 2 GB sticks, 2 4 GB sticks or 1 8 GB stick?
The only requirement for the amount of RAM is that it does not exceed the maximum allowable, otherwise the computer will not turn on or part of the memory will remain unused. The claim that all RAM should be of the same capacity is a myth. There is never too much of it, so bet as much as you want.
All modern desktops and many laptops support multi-channel RAM mode. With this method of organization, memory is accessed not along one, but along several parallel lines, which significantly increases the performance of the machine.
Motherboards with four RAM slots (the most common type) operate in dual-channel mode, that is, they have 2 connectors for 1 channel.
Of the three presented combinations, the fastest will be the second one - 2 4 GB sticks, if you distribute them one per channel. Why two and not four? Because the actual speed of data exchange between the controller and each RAM module is not the same, and the more sticks, the more time is spent synchronizing them.
For RAM modules to work in multi-channel mode, they must be:
- Same frequency.
- Approximately the same capacity (small differences are sometimes acceptable).
- One type (for example, DDR3 or DDR3L only).
And their total number must be even.
By the way, RAM slots of one channel are often made one color. But not always. To find out where they are located on your motherboard, it is better to look at its instructions.
Frequencies and timings
Can it be combined with different timings? If so, what frequency do they operate at?
Can. Each unit of RAM stores information about supported frequencies and timings internally (in the SPD chip). The memory controller reads this data and selects a mode in which all modules can operate. As a rule, these are the frequency and timings of the slowest one.
Various manufacturers
Is it necessary to buy RAM from the same manufacturer?
It is advisable to purchase RAM not just from one brand, but from factory sets of several modules. These devices have been jointly tested and are guaranteed to be able to work together.
It happens that RAM of the same brand and model, purchased separately, cannot “find a common language”. It also happens the other way around, when devices of different origins demonstrate excellent teamwork. Depending on your luck, the first option is rather an exception. Most often, dies from different manufacturers with similar characteristics turn out to be compatible.
Also on the site:
Is it possible to combine different sticks of RAM in one computer? updated: April 26, 2018 by: Johnny Mnemonic
RAM is one of the main components of stable computer operation. Without it, the PC is impossible to operate, and without enough RAM, the user will not be able to run some programs. Let's look at how RAM works, how to increase the amount of RAM and other points.
First, let's figure out what reducing RAM or RAM means. In Russian it sounds like “Random Access Memory”, and in English it sounds like “Random Access Memory”. The peculiarity of the part lies in the fact that it only works when the computer is turned on. RAM stores data processed by the processor and executable codes.
The operating principle of RAM is as follows:
- Each memory cell has its own row and column.
- When working, the computer sends a signal to one of the lines.
- Due to the electrical signal, the transistor opens.
- The sent charge from the capacitor goes into one of the available columns, to which the sensitive amplifier is connected.
- The flow supplied by the discharged capacitor is registered through an amplifier, after which the required command is issued.
Due to the fact that RAM operates on semiconductors, it cannot store information in the absence of current.
How to increase RAM in a computer and laptop?
Briefly described, there are several ways to increase the amount of RAM. The main one is adding new brackets to the motherboard. Alternatively, you can change the paging file data. Let's look at each method in more detail.
Increasing capacity using memory modules
For stable operation, modern computers need at least 2 GB of RAM, depending on the installed operating system. For example, the same amount is required for Windows 10 64 bit. The main way to increase this indicator is to add or replace RAM sticks.
It is important to understand that the module must fit a computer or laptop. For example, PCs with older processors do not support 1666 MHz RAM. The same goes for motherboards - most older models cannot handle parts with more than 4 GB of memory.
In order not to make a mistake, the PC owner needs to know the model name of the motherboard and processor.
To check the processor you need to perform slightly different steps:
This way you can check the compatibility of the RAM with other PC parts.
How to determine the type of RAM
Before purchasing new devices, it is also important to know their type. If you buy the wrong bar, you will have to return it.
There are 4 types of RAM:
- Ddr1 is the most “ancient”;
- Ddr2 - also outdated;
- Ddr3 - still in use;
- Ddr4 is the newest development:
There are several ways to determine what type is installed on your computer. First of all, you need to familiarize yourself with the sticker on the front side of the bar, if there is one. Most often, it indicates the type of memory, capacity and other information. If the type is not directly specified, then you can use other markings. For example, if it says “PC3”, then it is ddr3, and if it says “PC2” then it is ddr2.
The most reliable method is to look at the cutouts between the yellow pads. The diagram below will help you figure this out:
The last method is to use special software to scan installed components. For example, this is perfect for "AIDA64".
Laptops use the same markings, but a slightly different scheme. The dimensions of the planks are much smaller.
Installing RAM Modules
First of all, you need to open the computer case from the side where you can access the motherboard. Necessarily completely turn off the computer, unplug the wire from the socket and turn off the power by holding down the “Start” button. Depending on the type of case you are using, you will have to unscrew the screws on the back of the PC and remove the cover, remove the latches, or simply open it like a door.
We find slots for RAM on the motherboard. They should look something like this:
If there are already modules in place of which new ones should be installed, you need to dismantle them. To do this, press the latches on the sides and remove the strips. You must be very careful, as this is a very sensitive, fragile part.
Now we take new RAM and install it in a free slot. To do this, you need to insert the bar so that the groove coincides with the protrusion in the connector. You need to lightly press the module so that it fits completely into the connector. During installation, a click may be heard, which means that the latches have automatically latched and the memory is installed correctly. If this does not happen, but the bar is installed, manually “snap” it.
It is recommended to insert paired RAM into slots of the same color, if any. On most motherboards, the connectors are painted in two colors - 2 in one, 2 in the other. Installing two identical parts into slots with the same coloring will allow the devices to operate in dual-channel mode.
After this, close the case cover, tighten the bolts and connect the PC to electricity. We try to start the computer - if the system starts as usual, then everything is done correctly. If there is any doubt about the functionality, it is recommended to check the new parts using.
In laptops the principle is almost the same, but there are slight differences. First you need to turn off your laptop and unplug it from the network. Next, remove the battery - depending on the device model, you will have to unscrew the screws on the back cover or use another method to open the case. After the battery has been removed, you need to press the power button - this will eliminate static charges.
To find the RAM slot you need to remove the panel on the bottom of the device. There may be several panels, therefore, for reliability, it is recommended to read the documents received upon purchase or search online for disassembly of a specific model.
Most often, two RAM slots are available. Budget models boast only one connector. More expensive devices may have more room for more RAM. To remove the old strips you need to open the latches on the sides. Once they are released, the part will rise at a 45° angle.
Carefully insert the new module at the same angle, checking that it fits correctly into the connector. Next, you need to press the bar from top to bottom so that the latches on the sides automatically close. Next, we return all the panels to their place, install the battery and close the housing cover. We try to turn on the device. If you have any doubts about the functionality of your laptop, check it using
Alternative ways to increase RAM
In addition to installing new components, you can use other methods to increase your computer's RAM.
Expanding RAM using a flash drive
The easiest and most affordable way to add RAM to a computer or laptop is to use a flash drive.
Starting with Windows 7, it is possible to use the utility "Ready Boost".
- First, you need to insert the flash drive into the USB connector on your computer.
- Opening "Conductor" and right-click on the name of the flash drive in the left menu.
- Select an item "Properties" and move on to the section "Ready Boost".
- Check the “Use this device” box.
- We indicate the volume of the flash drive that will be used as RAM, you can specify the entire volume at once.
- Click "Apply", Then "OK" and close the window.
This method is good because it does not require additional costs if you have a free flash drive. Before purchasing new modules, you can safely use it.
Changing BIOS Settings
Changing BIOS settings is necessary to overclock RAM. In general, the main task of the BIOS is to enable the user to configure the operation of components, the computer, and so on.
- Reboot the computer and press the key to enter the BIOS - "Del","Esc","F2" and so on. You can press several keys at once so that you don’t have to restart your PC later.
- Click "Ctrl+F1", the advanced settings window will open; if it doesn’t, go to point "Advanced BIOS Features".
- Select an item "System Memory Multiplier" or "Advanced DRAM Configuration".
- In chapter "DRAM Timing Selectable" set the mode "Manual", that is, manual settings.
- We save the changes and, if desired, experiment with changing the timings.
- We restart the computer and change the settings in special programs (for example, AIDA64).
This way you can customize your PC for yourself. It is important to understand that changes to the settings should be made by a person who understands this at least a little.
We hope that after this you understand the principle of increasing your computer’s RAM. If you have any questions, be sure to ask them in the comments!
