The "" tab has only two groups, the first of which is General (general) is responsible for the basic characteristics of memory.
- Type- the type of RAM, for example, DDR, DDR2, DDR3.
- Size- the amount of memory, measured in megabytes.
- Channels # - the number of memory channels. Used to determine if there is multi-channel memory access.
- DC mode - two-channel access mode. There are chipsets that can organize dual-channel access in different ways. From simple methods this symmetric (balanced) - when there are identical memory modules on each channel, or assymetricwhen memory is used of different structure and / or volume. Asymmetric mode is supported by Intel chipsets starting from 915P and NVIDIA starting with Nforce2.
- NB Frequency is the frequency of the memory controller. Starting with AMD K10 and Intel Nehalem, the integrated memory controller received separate clocking from the processor cores. This item indicates its frequency. For systems with a memory controller in the chipset, this item is inactive, which can be observed.
The next group is Timings... Dedicated to memory timings, which characterize the execution time of a certain typical operation by memory.
- CAS # Latency (CL) - the minimum time between sending a read command ( CAS #) and the start of data transfer (read delay).
- RAS # to CAS # Delay (tRCD) - the time required to activate a bank line, or the minimum time between signaling a line selection ( RAS #) and a signal to select a column ( CAS #).
- RAS # Precharge (tRP) - the time required to precharge the bank (precharge). In other words, the minimum time to close a line, after which a new bank line can be activated.
- Cycle Time (tRAS) - the minimum time of line activity, that is, the minimum time between the activation of the line (its opening) and the issuance of the command for precharge (the beginning of the line closing).
- Bank Cycle Time (tRC) - the minimum time between the activation of lines of one bank. Is a combination of timings tRAS+tRP - the minimum time the line is active and the time it was closed (after which a new one can be opened).
- Command Rate (CR) - the time required for the controller to decode commands and addresses. Otherwise, the minimum time between two commands. With a value of 1T, the command is recognized by 1 measure, at 2T - 2 measures, 3T - 3 measures (so far only on RD600).
- DRAM Idle Timer - the number of clock cycles after which the memory controller forcibly closes and preloads an open memory page if it has not been accessed.
- Total CAS # (tRDRAM) - timing used by RDRAM. Determines the time in ticks of the minimum signal propagation cycle CAS # for the RDRAM channel. Includes delay CAS # and the latency of the RDRAM channel itself - tCAC+tRDLY.
- Row to Column (tRCD) - another RDRAM timing. Determines the minimum time between opening a row and an operation on a column in this row (similar to RAS # to CAS #).
All measurements were made using a Mastech MY64 multimeter.
Search for software to detect instability
The software chosen to detect instability can be roughly divided into three categories:
- Programs originally targeted as stress tests of the system. This category includes LinX 0.6.4 (testing was carried out in 2560 MB mode for the old version of Linpack, as well as in three modes, with available memory of 1024 MB, 2560 MB and 6144 MB for the latest version of Linpack, with support for FMA instructions), OCCT 4.3.2.b01 (CPU test: OCCT in Large Data Set, Medium Data Set and Small Data Set modes, and CPU: LINPACK test in AVX mode with 90% of available memory), Prime95 v27.7 build2 (in Small FFTs, In-place Large FFTs and Blend modes), CST 0.20.01a (a combined test that includes the Matrix \u003d 5, Matrix \u003d 7 and Matrix \u003d 15 modes).
- Programs that are used as tests of system performance, or that emulate one or another load that occurs in everyday PC work. Got here Cinebench R10 (x CPU test), Cinebench R11.5 (CPU test), wPrime 1.55 (test 1024M), POV-Ray v3.7 RC3 (All CPU's test), TOC [email protected] Bench v.0.4.8.1 (Dgromacs 2 test), 3DMark 06 (CPU1 + CPU2 test), 3DMark Vantage (CPU1 + CPU2 test) and 3DMark 11 (this time, separately Physics Test and separately Combined Test).
- Several processor-dependent games. These included Colin mcrae dirt 2 Deus Ex: Human Revolution (Detroit), F1-2010 (built-in performance test), Metro 2033 (built-in performance test), Shogun 2 Total War (Battle of Okehadzam) and The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim (The estate "Golden Flower").
For stability, the state of the system is taken, in which no problems arise in its operation within 10-15 minutes of the test.
CPU instability
In this subsection of the article, we will choose software that makes it easier to identify the instability of the processor, with known stable memory and CPU_NB frequencies. The technique is relatively simple: with a fixed value of the supply voltage, select the maximum overclocking for each of the programs and calculate the test at which the minimum frequency of stable operation will be reached. Well, in parallel with the search for stable frequencies, you can also evaluate the behavior of the system during overclocking for a particular test. To avoid instability caused by overheating of the CPU, all tests were performed with the CPU supply voltage of 1.25 V.
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Review and study of the overclocking potential of the AMD Phenom II X6 1075T processor
- Introduction
- Specifications
- Packaging and appearance
- Test configuration
- AMD Turbo Core Technology
- Memory overclocking
- Bus overclocking (HTT)
- Overclocking using liquid nitrogen
- Energy consumption measurement
- Conclusion
Introduction
Within a few months after the first 6-core processors hit the market AMD Phenom II X6 on the core Thuban, only two models remained in the line of these processors - the senior 1090T Black Editionand junior 1055T... More recently, a new flagship was also released Phenom II X6 1100T Black Edition, but this time we will not be talking about him, but about the Phenom II X6 1075T released last fall, which took an intermediate position between the 1090T Black Edition and the 1055T.
Core processor performance level Thubanlong known and well studied. In this regard, the release of the new model did not bring any changes. The nominal frequency of the processor (and hence its performance in standard mode) is in the middle between the two closest models and differs from them only by a factor. Therefore, we will not dwell on this issue in detail, but only check the processor for overclocking (including extreme) and compare the results of measuring the power consumption of systems based on 6-core AMD and Intel processors.
For testing, we used an instance of the processor released in the 23rd week of 2010, that is, in early June:
Specifications
Processor specifications AMD Phenom II X6 summarized in the table:
* Frequencies and multiplier values \u200b\u200bare indicated in brackets with active technology AMD Turbo Core
The Phenom II X6 1075T processor actually turned out to be not so much an addition to the 6-core AMD line as a replacement for the Phenom II X6 1055T. At the same cost of $ 199, there is now no reason to buy the 1055T instead of the 1075T.
All processors have the same characteristics (stepping, TDP, cache size, etc.) and differ only in the nominal frequency and multiplier. Plus, the two older processors differ in the presence of a multiplier free to increase.
Test configuration
An open stand with the following configuration was used for testing:
- Processor: AMD Phenom II X6 1075T E0 (Thuban);
- Motherboard: Asus Crosshair IV Formula, AMD 890FX + SB850, BIOS 1102;
- Memory: G.Skill Perfect Storm F3-16000CL7T-6GBPS 7-8-7-20 1.65V 3x2048Mb (only two memory modules were used);
- Video cards: Palit GeForce 7300GT Sonic, 256 MB GDDR3, PCI-E;
- Hard drive: Western Digital WD1500HLFS (Velociraptor), 150 Gb;
- Power supply: Topower PowerTrain TOP-1000P9 U14 1000W;
- Thermal Paste: Arctic Silver Ceramique;
- CPU cooling: Glacial Tech F101 PWM.
Software:
- Windows 7 Ultimate build 7600 x86;
- DirectX June 2010 Redistributable;
- NVIDIA ForceWare v258.96;
- Asus TurboV EVO v1.02.23;
- CPU-Z v1.55;
- Core Temp v0.99.7;
- LAVALYS Everest Ultimate v5.50.2183 Beta;
- LinX 0.6.4.
AMD Turbo Core Technology
The processor, like other models based on the Thuban core, supports the AMD Turbo Core automatic overclocking technology, as indicated by the last letter "T" in its name. The principle of operation of AMD Turbo Core is generally similar to technology Turbo Boost for Intel processors and is based on controlling the frequency of individual cores and processor voltage, depending on the load level on them. One of the main differences from Intel processors is that AMD Turbo Core increases the multipliers on half of the loaded cores while decreasing on the rest of the unused ones. That is, to activate AMD Turbo Core, it is necessary that no more than half of the processor cores are loaded, that is, no more than three in the case of the 6-core Thuban core and no more than two in the 4-core Zosma.
To support AMD Turbo Core technology, simply update the motherboard BIOS. After that, an option will appear in it that allows you to disable this technology if desired. However, for this you can use the utility AMD Overdrive.
When AMD Turbo Core is activated, the AMD Phenom II X6 1075T processor automatically increases the multiplier on three loaded cores from x15 to x17.5. At a nominal 200 MHz HTT operative frequency, this gives a 500 MHz boost (from 3000 to 3500). At the same time, the multipliers on the cores that remain free are reduced to x4, which gives their final frequency of 800 MHz, if the processor is operating normally. Without load (provided that power saving technologies are disabled), as well as with a simultaneous load of four or more cores, the multipliers of all cores remain at the nominal x15 value.
Another important difference AMD Turbo Core from Intel Turbo Boost- the impossibility of fixing an increased multiplier for permanent use by means of BIOS, regardless of the load. Motherboards for the Socket 1366 and Socket 1156 platforms have long learned to do this, including budget models, although not all. And motherboards for AMD processors, including models based on the latest flagship AMD 890FX chipset, do not yet have this option. Even disabling some of the cores in the BIOS does not help. Unfortunately, this negates the practical benefits of AMD Turbo Core for overclockers who can independently adjust all parameters for overclocking the processor. When the processor operates at frequencies close to the limit of its stable operation, spontaneous changes in multipliers, leading to frequency jumps of several hundred megahertz, are simply unacceptable. The nominal multiplier of the AMD Phenom II X6 1075T (and even the youngest in the AMD Phenom II X6 1055T line), available without AMD Turbo Core activation, is quite enough for normal non-extreme overclocking in air and using water cooling to frequencies in the region of 4000-4200 MHz. Therefore, when overclocking processors based on the Thuban core, it is better to disable AMD Turbo Core technology.
As for extreme overclocking, AMD Turbo Core can be useful here, but only if the motherboard is not capable of operating at high HTT frequencies, and the processor does not belong to the Black Edition series, that is, it has a multiplier locked for increasing. In this case, the only way to raise the frequency is to raise the multiplier above the standard one using AMD Turbo Core. Moreover, the benefit from this can be not only in single-threaded benchmarks, but also in all others, for which only three cores are enough to obtain a high result, if you link to them (for example, using the task manager). But here you need to take into account that you will be deprived of the ability to manually control the multipliers on the cores. And again, sharp jumps in frequencies and voltages can prevent successful overclocking, and in order to get the result in CPU-Z (or any screenshot with the frequencies at which some benchmark was actually passed), you will have to simultaneously create a background load for at least one core. In other words, it is impossible to get effective results under extreme overclocking in AMD Turbo Core conditions.
Air-cooled acceleration and temperature control
A cooler was used to cool the processor Glacial Tech F101 PWM... The room temperature during testing was + 21 ° C.
Nominal voltages may vary slightly from processor to processor. In our case, Vcore by default was 1.325 V, and the voltage of the built-in memory controller ( CPU_NB Voltage) - 1.1625 V.
At the nominal frequency, the processor warmed up very weakly. The temperature was + 34 ° C at rest and + 41 ° C under load:
Due to the peculiarity of the robots of the used motherboard, which overestimates the frequency of the HTT bus, the nominal frequency was also set with a slight overestimation to 3011 MHz.
As it turned out, BIOS 1102 for Asus Crosshair IV Formula has one unpleasant feature: overstatement of Vcore under load after enabling the function Loadline calibratiion... And the more cores the processor used, the higher the overstatement level. At the nominal voltage, this is not very noticeable, the overestimation was about 0.1 V (i.e. 1.332 V at rest increased to 1.344 V under load). But already when setting 1.45 V on 6-core processors, it rises by 0.5V (that is, up to 1.50 V), which is quite a lot. And if Loadline Calibratiion is not turned on, then significant voltage dips begin, which is even worse than overestimation.
Air-cooled CPU overclocking limited to frequency
4043 MHz:
Despite a decent temperature margin (+ 35 ° C at rest and + 49 ° C under load), raising the voltage above 1.50 V under load did not lead to a further improvement in the overclocking potential.
AMD Turbo Core technology has been disabled as the default x15 multiplier is more than enough for air-cooled overclocking. On the contrary, the multiplier had to be even reduced to x13 in order to find the most optimal operating mode for memory and CPU_NB, at which their frequencies would also be close to the limiting ones.
The maximum frequency recorded by the CPU-Z program on air cooling was 4500 MHz with a voltage of 1.476 V:
It was obtained on the second core (core1), which turns out to be the best in overclocking on all AMD processors we tested. For the rest of the cores, the results are as follows:
- Core0: 4304 MHz;
- Core2: 4439 MHz;
- Core3: 4424 MHz.
Overclocking the onboard memory controller (CPU_NB)
The memory controller is just a little short of three gigahertz. After setting the CPU_NB voltage in BIOS to 1.35 V, the frequency was obtained 2980 MHz... At the same time, monitoring in the LAVALYS Everest program showed the voltage as 1.36 V at rest and 1.38 V under load.
The maximum CPU_NB frequency, at which it was possible to take a screenshot, turned out to be at the level 3200 MHz:
Memory overclocking
After unsuccessful attempts in the past to get AMD memory to work at 2000 MHz with a Phenom II X6 1090T processor, it was hoped that another instance of a Thuban processor could help with this, but unfortunately 1900 MHz this is all that the built-in memory controller of our sample Phenom II X6 1075T was capable of:
This is only slightly better than the results of the same memory and on the same motherboard with processors on the core Deneb.
The maximum "screenshot" memory frequency in CPU-Z also fell short of 2 GHz and amounted to 1966 MHz:
Bus overclocking (HTT)
But with the overclocked HTT frequency, this processor was fine. The ability to load the operating system up to 376 MHz and further overclocking from Windows using the program Asus TurboV EVO before 422 MHz:
The high nominal frequency and voltage of AMD processors also leads to higher power consumption during normal operation, but as soon as you overclock an Intel processor with a voltage of 1.40 V or higher, it immediately outperforms its rival in this indicator.
Conclusion
In conclusion, let's summarize the advantages and disadvantages of the processor AMD Phemon II X6 1075T:
[+] Along with AMD Phenom II X6 1055T is the cheapest 6-core processor at the moment. Many times cheaper than all 6-core Intel processors, and even cheaper than many 4-core ones.
[+] Very low operating temperatures, even during overclocking with increased voltage;
[+] The nominal multiplier is more than enough for overclocking using air and liquid cooling systems. And with a good motherboard, it will most likely be enough for extreme overclocking;
[+] Supports proprietary AMD Turbo Core technology;
[-] Locked up multiplier;
[-] The built-in memory controller is still unable to work with high-frequency kits above 2000 MHz;
[-] The overclocking potential under extreme overclocking may be lower than that of the older 1090T and 1100T models.
We would like to express our gratitude to our partner AMD for the Phenom II X6 1075T processor provided for testing.
We suggest discussing this material in a special thread of ours.
Good day, fellow overclockers and future overclockers, as well as just readers.
In this article I will write how to overclock the AMD Phenom II x4 965BE processor. I am not going to put forward this scribble as the only, unique and unmistakable instruction for overclocking. I tried to write it in an extremely simple and understandable language. All conclusions and recommendations here are based on my personal experience and observations, as well as numerous FAQ "ah overclocking forums, reading and analyzing various articles on overclocking, and, of course, sharing experiences when communicating on different overclocking forums.
In this article, you will not come across any philosophical thoughts about the nature of overclocking, its goals and objectives, etc.
Here I will share my overclocking experience in simple, ordinary language and give a number of recommendations and tips.
I warn you in advance that the article is intended for computer-literate people, more or less understanding the slang of computer scientists, who are able to independently disassemble / assemble a system unit from components, who understand and distinguish processors at least by their names, who know their main characteristics, who are able to crawl and dig a little into bios, but nonetheless - not versed (poorly versed) or just starting to understand in overclocking.
Experienced people, they will not find anything new from this article - unless they can "shake up" the memory a little, and show me the errors they found.
Now about the mistakes. Since I am human, I can make mistakes. The more you notice them, the better. Write here and I'll fix them. With your help, this article can become even better, even more informative. If you think that I have not covered some issues enough - write too.
In fact, I should have written this instruction a long time ago - two or three years ago. For one reason or another, this did not work. The main reason, of course, is powerful laziness. Moreover, there are still people who are interested in overclocking processors with a hairdryer2.
As befits any overclocking article - discamer :
I remind you that you act at your own peril and risk. I am not responsible for your manipulations (after reading mine and not mine, too) with your and not your computer and for the subsequent negative and positive consequences.
The reason for creating this article is that newbies contact me for advice on overclocking processors, specifically - AMD Phenom II (hereinafter - just a phenom2). It should also be taken into account that I remember my young self, when I was unable and did not know anything. And I didn't even know about the existence of such guides.
A little about myself [ i strongly recommend skipping this part, because it does not carry anything useful].
[By the way, a question for everyone - maybe this part should be removed? Maybe the article doesn't need it at all?]
Started overclocking for the first time in 2008 - his first processor Intel Pentium Dual Core E 2160 , independently - without reading the relevant materials and knowing anything - even the most surprising thing, I gradually overclocked the bus to ~ 2400 MHz - then I did not know at all that the voltage on the core had to be increased. But all the same - the motherboard was a frank UG with a miserable BIOS, which only allowed the bus to be changed, the voltage was locked. Then I bought a good motherboard for MSI (I don’t remember the name for a long time) and it seemed (as it seemed to me then) excellent at least - externally, as it seemed to me then a cooler Asus Triton 75 which in fact turned out to be a bullshit and overclocked with an increase in voltage to ~ 3300 MHz. Then bought expensive in those days Zalman CNPS 9700 A LED... In those days, I had no idea that mosfets tend to warm up with increasing voltage, and I did not even know anything about how the processor is powered, what temperature limits and throttling are, what FAKs are, and so on - in general with the Internet in our the city of those days, everything was very sad.
Accordingly, then I did not read any articles and forums since there was no Internet. I had to comprehend everything myself empirically - slowly, but surely. It's amazing that I didn't burn anything back then. The reason for this, most likely, was that I unknowingly applied the technique of slow acceleration. I had no idea about stability testing processor and memory. I didn’t know that the video card was being overclocked :-)
Along the way, I was forced to overclock the RAM - after all, there is only one FSB, you understand. A year later, I changed the platform to AMD, acquired an overclocking (as it seemed to me then) memory kit Kingston HyperX 1066 MHz, mother Gigabyte GA-MA790X-UD3P (by the way - a great motherboard), and a processor PhenomII x 3 710 2600 MHz. Especially for overclocking. Only then did I start reading (only reading and then only from time to time) the site overclockers.ru
Over time, the mother changed to Gigabyte GA-890XA-UD3 - also a great overclocking mother. Now I think - why did I change my mother - the north bridge is the same in both cases 790X, the southern one with SB 750 changed to SB 850 ... In fact, there was no difference.
I went through three processors, stupidly buying and selling in turn (in our city there is still no store that would practice such a wonderful feature as "moneyback") PhenomII x 3 710 , one processor PhenomII x 3 720BE - and all this for the sake of receiving the cherished as it seemed to me then 4 GHz... Did not work out. As I understand now, the first revisions of the PhenomII were to blame. All of them stably razed to full PhenomII x 4 ... But, their maximum frequency ceiling was different - from 3400 to 3700 MHz. Dances with a tambourine around bios, tensions, etc. etc., including in the shutdown mode of several cores, did not help. As a result, I bought a 6-core freshly released and a bit already dropped prices PhenomII x 6 1090 BE... So he immediately took a stable 4000 MHz without a bazaar at an acceptable voltage. At 4100-4200 MHz, Windows entered, but there was no stability. By the way, for this I changed the cooler to the "popular" and very popular (and even now it seems) then Scythe Mugen 2 Rev . B (thanks to the then voting on the overclockers.ru forum - "The best tower cooler").
Having received the coveted 4 GHz on a phenom2, my interest in overclocking somewhat decreased. And I thought that it would be nice to transfer to the then freshest socket 1155 - and I, selling a hairdryer2, bought a processor Intel Core i 5 2500 K... By that time, I became friends with one store and went through three such processors and found "the same percent" that gave stable 5 GHz in the air.
For this, I ordered a top-end motherboard in the same store. MSI P 67 A - GD 80 (only half a year later the expensive Big bang-marshal). But then I saw a wonderful board - ASRock P 67 Extreme 6 ( B 3) - I immediately took it - only because of 10 internal sata ports (then I had just 10 pieces of 3.5 "hards.) Again, there were great buttons clear _ cmos , power , reset (and I sold the MSI GD80). Also in the same store I ordered and took the then the best cooler in the world \u003d) ThermalRight Silver Arrow - which is the best now, if you hang a couple of three on it TR TY -150 ... Since the stable 5 GHz (at the recommended 1.40 V) has already been conquered, I set the processor to the "economical" 4200 MHz at 1.32 V. What's strange, after half a year, he stopped holding 5 GHz, despite the magic-digging in the BIOS. Well, okay - it happens, I thought and happily forgot about it.
Then, over time, I took for tests Noctua NH - D 14 , TR Archon, Well Zalman CNPS 10 X Flex, "for reference", so to speak. And wrote Three Kings ...
Over time, I got more Archons, in total I have five. I borrowed a couple more from the store - seven in total, and wrote a Comparison of the Seven Archons ...
And then several people wrote to me that it would be nice to cover the topic of overclocking processors with a hairdryer2. This is what will be discussed.
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So - let's return to our rams phenom.
So, you have a processor with a hair dryer 2 x4 965BE. Let me remind you that the letters BE means Black Edition, that is, multipliers unlocked upward, mainly - CPU and CPU / NB.
Also, you must have a good CPU cooler and a good motherboard. it the necessary conditions for safe and stable overclocking. This is especially important when there is a heavy load on the processor for a long time.
IMHO, whether this or that cooler is suitable for overclocking can be determined in two ways:
It is possible to determine whether the motherboard is suitable for overclocking in a teapot way - by the presence / absence of radiators on power circuits, also called mosfets (field-effect transistors, field workers). Also, the suitability of the motherboard for overclocking can be directly determined by the number of phases nutrition processor. The bigger, the better.
You also need a PSU with a bit of excess power - because after overclocking the processor starts to consume more power. I have spoken about this in more detail. I strongly recommend that you read it to avoid any "unnecessary" questions.
Overclocking percent is, in theory, very easy. We have a processor with a hair dryer 2 x4 965BE, which has a nominal multiplier of 17 and therefore a nominal clock frequency of 17 x 200 MHz \u003d 3400 MHz. The nominal voltage of the processor is 1.40 V.
There are two ways to overclock a processor: bus and multiplier. More about them below.
1. Acceleration on the bus. How to do?
The nominal bus frequency is 200 MHz. By increasing it, we can increase the final processor frequency. For example, let's increase from 200 MHz to 230 MHz. Then, with a nominal multiplier of 17, we have a final frequency of 17 x 230 MHz \u003d 3910 MHz. And we got an increase of 3910-3400 \u003d 510 MHz.
But, just like that, the processor at its nominal voltage (equal to 1.40 V) will not take this frequency of 3910 MHz - there is simply not enough power for the processor - to work at this frequency. Therefore it is necessary little increase tension. I took a frequency of 3910 MHz only asexample, since for each processor acceleration ceiling individual, as well as voltageat which the percentage will take this frequency.
Let's take three identical processor - let's say the first of them will easily take 4 GHz, at a voltage of 1.46 V.
The second processor, for example, can also handle 4 GHz only with a strong "burning" - voltage equal to 1.50 V.
And the third processor, for example, will take a maximum of 1.38 GHz - no matter how we increase the voltage.
Conclusion: overclocking is a lottery. Each processor has its own overclocking potential.
Before overclocking, it follows, through the BIOS, turn off all energy saving functions... These BIOS functions work on the machineindependently setting the supply voltage of the processors and its frequency. The purpose of these energy saving technologies - to save electricity in the idle state of the computer, by reducing the multiplier to 4 (4 x 200 MHz \u003d 800 MHz), and the voltage applied per percent, therefore, reducing the overall power consumption of the system.
It is not uncommon for an overclocked processor to work incorrectly due to these features. Therefore, they should be turned off.
In the BIOS they hide under names Cool " n " quiet, and C 1 E - they should be put out of position.
Photo energo-enabled
1.1. Bus overclocking technique
1. We go into the BIOS. We reset everything to default by pressing F2 or F5 or F8 or F9, etc. - each motherboard has its own way. Save and exit.
2. We go into the BIOS.
Let's look at the part that is responsible for overclocking. In my case, everything looks like this:
We remember (for beginners, you can write down on a piece of paper) these numbers:
Current CPU Speed - current processor frequency.
Target CPU Speed - the frequency of the processor, which we set at the moment.
Current Memory Frequency - the current frequency of the RAM.
Current NB Frequency - the current frequency of the memory controller and memory cache of the third level (L3) built into the processor, also called CPU / NB. It is this frequency that decides how fast the processor and RAM will "talk". The CPU / NB frequency can also be overclocked - and the gain from it is more noticeable than with a similar overclocking of the processor itself.
Current HT Link Speed - the current frequency of the Hyper Transport bus (hereinafter - HT), which connects the north bridge and the processor. Although initially the real frequencies of the CPU / NB and HT are equal - the effective speed (more precisely, the throughput) of the HT bus is so high (5.2 billion messages per second) that it does not even need overclocking.
Moreover, its architecture is such that the HT frequency cannot be higher than the CPU / NB frequency. Therefore, only the CPU / NB should be overclocked, and the HT frequency is left at the nominal - 2000 MHz.
3. Now we begin to fix the necessary parameters:
AI Overclock Tuner - we set from to, that is, we transfer automatic overclocking to manual mode. This allows us to control the bus frequency.
CPU Ratio - we convert the multiplier from to, using the "plus" and "minus" keys. That is, we fix / fix the nominal multiplier - so that "accidentally" the BIOS does not automatically change it.
CPU Bus Frequency - we set the bus of the processor - these are nominal 200 MHz.
PCI - E Frequency - fix the PCI-E bus at nominal 100 MHz.
Memory Frequency - we fix the memory frequency at the native 1333 MHz.
CPU / NB Frequency - we fix the frequency at the native 2000 MHz.
HT Link Speed - we also fix 2000 MHz on the family.
CPU Spread Spectrum - put in - disable the feature that reduces the EMP from the computer, this gives stability during overclocking. Why - we read.
PCI - E Spread Spectrum - we also put in - purely for reinsurance.
EPU Power Saving Mode - energy-saving technology from Asus, which allows you to regulate the power consumption of motherboard components. As I wrote above - in a state of overclocking - all sorts of "energy saving" is evil, so we put it in.
Then there are voltage adjustments (subsection Digi + VRM) - here we touch only those that are directly responsible for controlling the processor voltage. It:
CPU Voltage Frequency - we translate from position to put in - for manual voltage adjustment.
CPU & NB Voltage -translate from to - this allows you to manually directly specify the voltage of the processor. In the same mode, the voltage of the probe is indicated by the offset (plus or minus) relative to rated voltage, which is, as in the photo you can clearly see - 1.368V... And we don't need such an adjustment - it only confuses newcomers more.
CPU Manual Voltage - using the "plus" and "minus" keys, fix the rated voltage - 1.368750 V.
This is how we fixed all the nominal voltages of the computer, so that no automatic BIOS could change them. Save the BIOS and reboot.
4. We go into the OS.
Download and install the most fresh / latest versions programs:
- CPU - Z - to monitor the state of the processor - the multiplier and the final frequency of the processor, as well as its voltage.
- Core Temp - to monitor the temperature of the processor.
- Lin X - a program for creating maximum load on the processor. This program loads the processor with a system of linear algebraic equations, which evenly load all processor cores to the max, since they are well parallelized.
For more or less accurate testing of processor stability on the specified bundle [frequency CPU - voltage CPU ] in principle, it is enough to specify 10 runs in the LinX program settings, using more than 50% of the total RAM. With 8GB of storage, I recommend using 5GB of storage.
In the picture below I indicated, as you can see, 10 runs using 1 GB of memory (1024 MiB). MiB (mebibyte) is the same Russian megabyte - 2 20, but according to the IEC standard. So there is no difference and you should not be afraid.
5. Open up CPU-Z, Core Temp and Linx. We put their windows side by side so that they do not interfere with each other.
Launch LinX in 10 runs.
After we reboot.
6. We go into the BIOS.
And we increase CPU Bus Frequency from 200 to 210 MHz.
As you can see the parameter Target CPU Speed simultaneously increases to 3570 MHz. Those. we overclocked the percentage to this frequency from the nominal 3400 MHz.
Memory - 1399 MHz.
CPU / NB and HT - 2100 MHz each.
Under the word " slightly different"are assumed to fall within (+/-) 100 MHz of the nominal frequencies.
7. We go into the OS.
Launch LinX in 10 runs.
To make a photo!!!
And we look to what maximum the processor warms up. Remembering the processor performance in Gflops.
After we reboot.
8. We go into the BIOS.
And we increase CPU Bus Frequency from 210 to 220 MHz.
As you can see the parameter Target CPU Speed simultaneously increases to 3740 MHz. Those. we overclocked the percentage to this frequency from the nominal 3400 MHz.
The memory became 1466 MHz.
CPU / NB and HT steel at 2200 MHz.
Therefore, so that the memory frequencies do not "rise" too high relative to the nominal 1333 MHz, we reduce it as in the pictures below (you can also do this with the plus and minus keys) to 1172 MHz.
Launch LinX in 10 runs.
And we look to what maximum the processor warms up. Remembering the processor performance in Gflops.
After we reboot.
10. We go into the BIOS.
And we increase CPU Bus Frequency from 220 to 230 MHz.
As you can see the parameter Target CPU Speed simultaneously increases to 3910 MHz. Those. we overclocked the percentage to this frequency from the nominal 3400 MHz.
At the same time, the frequencies of memory, CPU / NB and HT also grow.
Memory - 1225 MHz.
CPU / NB and HT - 2070 MHz each.
The frequencies of memory, CPU / NB and HT do not differ much from the nominal ones, so we do not touch them.
We save and reboot.
11. We go into the OS.
Launch LinX in 10 runs.
And we look to what maximum the processor warms up. Remembering the processor performance in Gflops.
After we reboot.
12. We go into the BIOS.
And we increase CPU Bus Frequency from 230 to 240 MHz.
As you can see the parameter Target CPU Speed simultaneously increases to 4080 MHz. Those. we overclocked the percentage to this frequency from the nominal 3400 MHz.
But - at the same time, the frequencies of memory, CPU / NB and HT are also growing.
The memory became 1279 MHz. We do not touch it, since it is included in the 1333 MHz (+/-) 100 MHz range.
CPU / NB and HT steel at 2160 MHz.
We reduce the CPU / NB and HT frequencies to an acceptable 1920 MHz. Let me remind you that the nominal CPU / NB and HT frequencies are 2000 MHz.
Thus, when overclocking via the bus, we must constantly make sure that the CPU / NB and HT memory frequencies do not go far from the nominal ones. Why - I'll explain later.
We save and reboot.
13. We go into the OS.
Oops! Suddenly a blue screen of death appears - this means one thing - for a given processor frequency ( 4080 MHz) exposed processor voltage in bios (according to claim 3) - 1.368750V- lacks.
Push the button reset and reboot.
14. We go into the BIOS.
According to item 3, we find the parameter CPU Manual Voltage - and again using the "plus" and "minus" keys, increase and fix the voltage - 1.381250 V.
We save and reboot.
Continued tomorrow.
