Last year, we met a couple of very interesting devices - Intel Compute Stick and Modecom FreePC microcomputers, which in appearance resemble either very large flash drives or CDMA modems with a USB interface. Despite their unusual nature, these products are full-fledged PCs that run the familiar Microsoft Windows operating system and are designed to perform a wide range of everyday tasks that are not resource-intensive. Meanwhile, despite the bold idea, both of its practical implementations that we examined were not without drawbacks. It is not surprising that the founder of this class of devices, Intel, introduced a new version of the Compute Stick STK1AW32SC microcomputer based on the Atom x5-Z8300 single-chip system.
Compared to the previous generation product STCK1A32WFC, the new model has received a number of improvements, including expansion capabilities, but retains the same attractive retail price. Whether the newcomer managed to get rid of the “bottlenecks” of its predecessor, we will find out during today’s review, but for now I suggest you familiarize yourself with the technical characteristics of the devices.
| Model | Intel Compute Stick STCK1A32WFC | |
|---|---|---|
| Official product page | intel.com | intel.com |
| CPU | Intel Atom x5-Z8300 (1.44 GHz, SDP 2 W, 4 cores, 4 threads) | Intel Atom Z3735F (1.33 GHz, SDP 2.2 W, 4 cores, 4 threads) |
| RAM | 2 GB DDR3L-RS SDRAM 1600 MHz | 2 GB DDR3L-RS SDRAM 1333 MHz |
| Video card | Intel HD Graphics | Intel HD Graphics |
| Disk subsystem | eMMC 32 GB, 1x microSDXC UHS-I (up to 128 GB) | |
| I/O ports | 1x HDMI 1.4b, 1x USB 3.0, 1x USB 2.0 | 1x HDMI 1.4a, 1x USB 2.0 |
| Sound subsystem | Intel HD Audio | Intel HD Audio |
| Communications | 1x Intel Dual Band Wireless-AC 7265 (IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n+ac, Bluetooth V4.0) | 1x Realtek RTL8723BS (IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n, Bluetooth V4.0) |
| power unit | External 15 W (5 V, 3 A) | External 10 W (5 V, 2 A) |
| Dimensions, mm | 113x38x12 | 103.4x37.6x12.5 |
| Pre-installed OS | Windows 10 Home | Windows 8.1 with Bing (free upgrade to Windows 10) |
| Recommended cost, $ | 139 | 139 |
Contents of delivery
The Intel Compute Stick that arrived at our test lab turned out to be an engineering sample intended to demonstrate the technical capabilities of the product. Therefore, the design and shape of the cardboard box intended for transporting the device may differ significantly for retail copies.
On the reverse side, instead of technical specifications, there is a description of the main advantage of the Compute Stick: the ability to use it to transform any monitor or TV with an HDMI input into a full-fledged, ready-to-use personal computer.
In addition to the device itself, the package includes:
- user guide;
- network adapter;
- HDMI extender.
In general, the newcomer’s set of accessories is not much different from that of last year’s model, with the only difference being that the included WA-15105R network adapter, which provides an output power of 15 W (5 V, 3 A), is equipped with a non-removable cord with a micro-USB connector type “B”, whereas the previous generation product had a cable supplied separately from the power supply.
Design
The 2016 Intel Compute Stick, like its predecessor, is made in HDMI Dongle format, that is, the device is installed in a free HDMI connector of a digital monitor or TV, but power is supplied from an external network adapter. If the TV is located close to the wall, the included HDMI extender will come to the rescue. The microcomputer case is made of plastic, its dimensions are 113x38x12 mm. Compared to the 2015 model, the height and width have not changed, while the length has increased by 10 mm. On the top cover of the device two groups of ventilation holes are visible, through one of them a miniature fan of the active cooling system is visible. There is also a power indicator and the Intel Inside logo.
On the reverse side there is a place for a sticker, on which retail copies will have service information, including the name of the model and its serial number, as well as a hole plugged with a rubber stopper. Under it there is a screw that holds the halves of the case together.
At one end of the miniature PC there is an HDMI 1.4b connector, designed to output images in 1080p resolution at 60 frames per second. There is no official support for 4K, which is due to hardware limitations of the platform used.
On the right side of the device there is a microSDXC memory card slot that supports UHC-I flash drives up to 128 GB, and a pair of small ventilation holes.
The left side of the newcomer carries USB 3.0 and USB 2.0 type “A” connectors, a micro-USB port for power supply, a power button and slots for supplying fresh air to the cooling system.
After opening the case, the internal structure of the Compute Stick becomes visible. Most of the surface area of the printed circuit board is occupied by a heatsink that removes heat from the single-chip system.
The efficiency of the cooling system was a pleasant surprise; in the maximum simultaneous load mode on the processor cores and the built-in video card, the temperature did not exceed 81° C, no signs of overheating or the inclusion of clock skipping mode were noticed. The noise emitted by the cooler can be described as insignificant and does not stand out against the general background of the living room.
Under the heatsink lies the “heart” of the microcomputer - SoC Intel Atom x5-Z8300, which is one of the versions of the economical Braswell platform, which has found application in nettops and budget-class embedded solutions. This single-chip system, manufactured in compliance with 14-nm production standards, has four computing cores built on the basis of the energy-efficient Silvermont microarchitecture. Among the expansion capabilities of the Intel Atom x5-Z8300, support for USB 3.0 and PCI Express buses was added, the presence of which the Atom Z3735F, which underlies the previous generation Compute Stick, could not boast of. But, as in the case of its predecessor, the maximum amount of RAM of the new product is limited by the capabilities of the platform, which is why the microcomputer is equipped with only 2 GB of DDR3L-RS RAM, operating in single-channel mode at a frequency of 1600 MHz. If we compare the computing capabilities of the Atom x5-Z8300 and the Atom Z3735F, then with the exception of a more subtle technological process in the first, the difference between them is very small. The volumes of cache memory of the first and second levels did not change, the Turbo Boost clock frequency remained at the same level of 1840 MHz, while in normal mode there was a noticeable increase from 1330 to 1440 MHz. Both SoCs support SIMD instruction sets SSE4.1, SSE4.2, 64-bit computing, AES encryption acceleration and VT-x hardware virtualization. As for energy efficiency, the SDP parameter, which characterizes power consumption in typical user scenarios, for the Atom x5-Z8300 is only 2 W, not least thanks to the EIST technology, which reduces the clock frequency and voltage during idle moments.
Much more significant changes have occurred in the integrated Intel HD Grahics graphics card. For the Atom x5-Z8300, the number of executive units (EU - Execution Units) has tripled compared to the Atom Z3735F video subsystem - from four to 12 pieces, and the EUs themselves have received an 8th generation microarchitecture. API DirectX 11 and OpenGL 4.2 are supported, and the clock frequency, depending on the load, can range from 200 to 500 MHz.
As for accelerating video decoding, the hardware processing unit supports most popular formats, including VC-1, H.264 and HEVC in resolutions up to 4K inclusive. This information is fully confirmed by the DXVA Checker diagnostic utility, and in practice, the Intel Compute Stick 2016 turned out to be capable of playing video in a resolution of 3840x2160 at 60 frames/s.
The single-chip system's support for the PCI Express 2.0 x1 interface made it possible to equip the device with a high-speed wireless adapter Intel Dual Band Wireless-AC 7265, which provides operation in Wi-Fi networks of IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n+ac standards and the Bluetooth V4.0 protocol. This allowed us to double the network connection throughput: from 6 to 12 MB/s.
Wireless Wi-Fi throughput of Intel Compute Stick STK1AW32SC (left) and Intel Compute Stick STCK1A32WFC (right)
The disk subsystem is represented by a SanDisk DF4032 SSD with a capacity of 32 GB, connected to a single-chip system via the eMMC 5.0 interface. As for the speed characteristics, in comparison with the Samsung MBG4GC SSD, which was equipped with last year's Compute Stick, the difference is small: the newcomer is slightly faster in linear read and write operations, while its predecessor has a slight advantage when working with small files.
Performance of the disk subsystem Intel Compute Stick STK1AW32SC (left) and Intel Compute Stick STCK1A32WFC (right)
Thus, the main improvements in the new version of Compute Stick affected the wireless adapter and the built-in graphics subsystem, as well as the appearance of an additional USB 3.0 port. We will find out very soon how the use of the new single-chip Atom x5-Z8300 system affects the performance of the Intel microcomputer, but now let’s take a look at the UEFI Setup and bundled software for the newcomer.
UEFI Setup
Despite its miniature size, Intel Compute Stick STK1AW32SC is equipped with a full-fledged UEFI Setup. The setup menu has a clear and simple graphical interface, and the number of options available for changing is kept to a minimum. The Main section displays information about the version of the control microcode, the SoC model and its operating mode, and also sets the date and time.
The System Identification Information submenu displays detailed information about the device, including its name, serial number, and hardware version.
The Configuration tab is responsible for the activity of additional controllers and expansion ports, as well as boot parameters, including managing the Secure Boot function.
Finally, in the Exit section, you can apply changes to UEFI Setup settings, as well as restore default values.
As you can see, the Intel Compute Stick firmware is completely devoid of any performance control options, but it offers all the necessary capabilities for administration and basic configuration of the microcomputer.
Bundled software
As for the software component of the Intel Compute Stick, there are two versions of it: STK1A32SC without an operating system, and STK1AW32SC, equipped with 32-bit Windows 10 Home, which was in our test laboratory. Alas, the system had problems with activation, which is quite acceptable for a pre-sale engineering sample, especially since this fact did not in any way affect the stability and efficiency of its operation.
Meanwhile, the presence of an operating system made it possible to evaluate the use of disk space, which is especially important with such a small amount of SSD with which the device is equipped. As it turns out, out of the 27.8 GB allocated for the system partition, Windows 10 Home along with a set of drivers takes up 10.2 GB, so a modest 17.6 GB remains available to users.
However, even these turned out to be enough to install an office suite and a set of test software, and if necessary, the Compute Stick can be equipped with a micro SDXC memory card or connect an external drive with a USB 3.0 interface. And, of course, there is always the possibility of using network storage, for example, the Microsoft OneDrive cloud service, in which each registered user is offered 15 GB for free.
In addition to the necessary drivers, Compute Stick offers only one, but very useful application - Intel Remote Keyboard, which significantly increases the usability of the microcomputer. This program allows you to turn a smartphone or tablet running Android or iOS, and located with the Compute Stick on the same Wi-Fi network, into a touch keyboard and mouse.
To work on a mobile device, you will need to install a special application from Google Play or the App Store, go through the pairing procedure, after which you can enjoy full control of the microcomputer without using a traditional keyboard and mouse.
In general, there are no questions about the software component; in any case, the Intel Compute Stick microcomputer is not overloaded with unnecessary software that only takes up precious space on the system disk, and the only third-party program, Intel Remote Keyboard, is really useful and easy to use.
Test results
In performance tests, the Intel Compute Stick competed with the previous generation device. Such a comparison will answer the question: is the difference in performance significant and is there any point in hunting for a new model? Before testing, the Microsoft Windows 10 Home operating systems on both microcomputers were reset to their original state, after which no performance adjustments were made. The following software was used to evaluate operating speed:
- Futuremark PCMark 8 v2.5.419;
- TouchXPRT2014;
- WebXPRT 2013 (Microsoft Edge);
- Futuremark 3DMark v1.5.915.
Each test was repeated at least three times, based on the results of which the arithmetic mean was calculated. If any of the results was noticeably different from the other two, testing continued. For convenience, in the graphs the new STK1AW32SC model is designated as Intel Compute Stick (2016), and the previous generation product STCK1A32WFC is designated Intel Compute Stick (2015).
Testing in the popular comprehensive benchmark Futuremark PCMark 8, which allows you to evaluate the overall level of performance in basic user scenarios, was carried out in Accelerated mode, which allows you to use OpenCL acceleration. The 2016 model showed noticeably better performance in the Home and Creative scenarios, obviously due to a more powerful video core, while in the Work subtest the situation was exactly the opposite: the newcomer was noticeably behind and the reason for this was the low results in the LibreOffice program, apparently due to incompatibility with Intel Atom x5-Z8300 processor.
Unlike the previous benchmark, the TouchXPRT2014 test package is more focused on measuring productivity when performing multimedia tasks: processing digital images, converting Full HD video content, mixing audio tracks, and creating animated presentations. In this case, the clock frequency of the computing cores plays a key role and, since it is equal for both participants, their identical results were not surprising.
To evaluate the speed of working with web applications in the Microsoft Edge browser, which is the main browser for Windows 10, the online benchmark WebXPRT 2013 was launched. In this case, Compute Stick 2016 turned out to be noticeably faster than its predecessor.
In the Futuremark 3DMark gaming test package in the Sky diver scenario, thanks to one of the main advantages of the new Intel microcomputer - a powerful graphics subsystem - the average score exceeded the previous generation model by more than twice, and when accelerating physical effects using the computing cores, the advantage was reduced to 20%.
In the Cloud gate subtest from Futuremark 3DMark Compute Stick 2016 also outperformed its ancestor, although the victory was not as impressive as in the previous case. The gain ranged from 60% overall to 100% in graphics subsystem scores, while in the Physics test track both devices showed very close results.
conclusions
As you would expect, the 2016 Intel Compute Stick turned out to be much more interesting than the previous generation product, primarily due to the use of the advanced Intel Atom x5-Z8300 single-chip system. The improvements affected the increase in the throughput of the wireless adapter, which became possible thanks to the emergence of bus support in the SoC PCI Express 2.0, and an increase in the speed of the graphics subsystem, which should now be enough not only for casual projects, but also for games that were 5 years old. Also, one cannot help but note the appearance of a second USB 3.0 port for connecting various peripherals, which significantly enriches the expansion capabilities of the device. The most pleasant impression was also left by the well-thought-out cooling system, which does not allow the processor to overheat even under the most intense load. As for power consumption, no measurements were taken, but we can say with confidence that the updated Intel Compute Stick fits within the 15 W provided by the included power supply. In a word, in some aspects progress is evident, which cannot but rejoice.
However, compared to its predecessor, the volume of the built-in storage and the size of RAM have not changed, and the long-awaited support for 4K image output has not appeared. However, there is a reasonable explanation for this: in an effort to ensure a low recommended price, which for the 2016 Compute Stick is set at $139 for the version with Windows 10 Home, the manufacturer is forced to use a budget SoC with limited capabilities and severely save on other components. But even in this configuration, the microcomputer is perfect for use as a home multimedia entertainment center, and in the business sector, the Compute Stick can be used for organizing an information board, a self-service kiosk, and also as a thin client or entry-level workstation. So, there should be no demand from the microcomputer for anything more. And for those who still want to get the performance of a full-fledged PC in the HDMI Dongle form factor, Intel has prepared a real gift: they will soon introduce a Compute Stick based on energy-efficient Skylake processors with double the amount of RAM and solid-state drive. But that's a completely different story!
Intel Compute Stick Review | PC with very limited capabilities
Intel recently announced a micro PC Intel Compute Stick with Windows OS. At official Intel dealers, its price will be $150, while the version based on Ubuntu Linux, with slightly modified characteristics, should be sold for $110.
Intel Compute Stick is not a desktop replacement. A “PC flash drive” is positioned as an additional computing module that connects to a TV or display via an HDMI connector. Intel Compute Stick designed to handle simple tasks, including editing simple documents, watching videos or just talking with friends via Skype. The device has dimensions of 114x38x13 mm. It is equipped with a wireless communication module, USB 2.0, Bluetooth, video and audio controllers.
Intel Compute Stick available with two OS: Windows 8.1 and Ubuntu 14.04 LTS. The Windows version (STCK1A32WFC) appeared at the end of April, while the Ubuntu version (STCK1A8LFC) should be released in June.
Intel Compute Stick Review | Specifications
| Intel Compute Stick Specifications | |
| operating system | Windows 8.1 with Bing 32-bit Ubuntu (Linux) 14.04 LTS 64-bit |
| CPU | Intel Atom Z3735F, 1.33 GHz, 2 MB cache, fan cooling |
| BIOS | FCBYT10H.86A.0018.2015.0330.1117 (3/30/2015) |
| GPU | Intel HD Graphics with driver v.15.33.27.3910 |
| System memory | Single channel DDR3L-R-S @ 1.35 V, 1333 MHz Windows: 2 GB Ubuntu: 1 GB |
| Storage device | Built-in Samsung MGB4GC eMMC Windows - 32 GB, Samsung Ubuntu - 8 GB SDXC v3.0 slot with UHS I support |
| Periphery | Integrated 802.11bgn Wi-Fi controller USB 2.0 Bluetooth 4.0 MicroSD slot |
| Net | Integrated 802.11bgn controller |
| Audio | Intel HD Audio over HDMI with multiple channel support |
| Power Requirements | Adapter for power supply 5 V, 2 A |
| Case size | 103 mm x 37 mm x 12 mm |
Intel Compute Stick Review | First impressions
At first we thought that Intel Compute Stick It's perfect as a portable PC, capable of turning any HDMI-enabled TV into a work computer, although it would require you to carry around a keyboard and mouse. But then we adjusted our opinion. The device can turn a large TV into a working computer, allowing you to surf the Internet, chat on Skype or work with email, all through the familiar Windows interface. A potential problem, in our opinion, is the lack of processing power and RAM when working with multiple programs. There should be no problems with single applications.
Despite its small size, one of the main problems Intel Compute Stick is its external form. With a device length of 103 mm, there should be enough space for installation behind the TV. Some TVs have HDMI connectors on the side of the display, but there are models that are very close to the wall; install them in such TVs Intel Compute Stick It's unlikely to work without an HDMI adapter cable.
Our review sample included a 20cm HDMI extender, but we used the 90cm extender to Intel Compute Stick was located in front of the display, making it easier to access the USB port and power button. Intel Compute Stick Light enough that you can leave it hanging from the 20cm extension behind the screen if you wish.
Speaking of USB ports. Depending on how many devices you want to connect to Intel Compute Stick, you may need a USB hub, especially if you don't have a Bluetooth keyboard and mouse. According to Intel representatives, to install additional USB ports in Intel Compute Stick Not enough interior space. In addition, a prerequisite for the device to operate is a TV with HDMI support. The company also confirmed that Intel Compute Stick will only work with HDMI direct input (no adapters).
Intel Compute Stick Review | External description
Intel Compute Stick has a minimal external set of interfaces and controls. One USB 2.0 slot is available for additional devices, and a microSD slot is provided for storage expansion. We installed a 32 GB card into it without any problems. Intel Compute Stick It also comes with Bluetooth 4.0, so if you have a Bluetooth-enabled keyboard and mouse, you can go wireless and leave the USB port free.
For the most part, the Bluetooth keyboard worked well. There were no problems with the Logitech Folio. But when we connected a cheaper RockSoul Bluetooth keyboard, we noticed frequent connection dropouts that required us to constantly re-pair it. Intel Compute Stick. In this situation we are not inclined to blame Intel Compute Stick, since the Folio worked without problems, but the functionality of the keyboard under the RockSoul brand is still in question.
External components of Intel Compute Stick
The power button is located on the side next to the HDMI connector, which is not very convenient. When disconnecting or setting up the device, you have to take it very carefully so as not to accidentally press this button. We hope that this flaw will be corrected in later versions.
Included Intel Compute Stick There is a 90 cm power cable. One of its connectors is inserted into the power socket on the device, and the USB connector is inserted into the 5 V socket.
For physical security, instead of a Kensington lock, Intel Compute Stick two interconnected recesses are used on the sides of the body. A thin metal cable is threaded through them, which is then crimped. This type of lock is typical for industrial type products.
Intel Compute Stick Review | Internal organization
Intel Compute Stick is equipped with a quad-core Atom Z3735F processor, belonging to the Intel SoC family based on Bay Trail architecture. This 64-bit SoC was introduced in early 2014. It has a 2 MB L2 cache and operates at a base frequency of 1.33 GHz (1.83 GHz in boost mode). The RAM is a single-channel DDR3L memory with a frequency of 1333 MHz and a capacity of 2 GB.
For working with graphics Intel Compute Stick uses Intel HD Graphics integrated into the Atom Z3735F processor. With the Intel HD Graphics Control Panel, users can adjust general image output settings, manage power settings, and create custom profiles that allow them to save video settings for different applications.
It's easy to open the case, but all the most interesting things are under the radiator
The data storage system is represented by Samsung MBG4GC eMMC flash memory with a capacity of 32 GB. It is designed for mobile devices and uses high-density MLC NAND memory chips with an MMC controller. Of the 32 GB indicated on the box, Windows Disk Management shows that 23.04 GB is for the root file system, 5.86 GB is for the recovery partition, and the remaining 100 MB is allocated for the EFI System Partition.
The single-band Wi-Fi module Azurewave AW-NB177NF M.2 is responsible for wireless communication. It supports 802.11 b/g/n standards and operates in the 2.4 GHz band while providing Bluetooth 4.0 connectivity. At a nominal speed of 150 Mbps, performance is comparable to the N150 Wi-Fi adapter, which is significantly slower than modern AC Wi-Fi devices.
Intel Compute Stick Review | Exploitation
The very first thing we wanted to check was how Intel Compute Stick copes with online video playback. To our surprise, watching movies and shows on Netflix and Hulu was quite comfortable. The YouTube video played without delay. Streaming is smooth and built-in Intel Compute Stick The audio controller outputs fairly clear sound to the TV speakers. When playing videos on Netflix, there was a slight delay when moving the mouse across the screen, but this did not affect streaming content. This problem usually occurs when the mouse is used further than three meters from the PC. But in our case, there was about 2.5 meters from the display to the mouse.
We also tried using Remote Desktop on Intel Compute Stick and connect to your computer via Wi-Fi. There was some delay when connecting and logging into the computer for the first time. Typically, when using Remote Desktop, such a delay is not observed, but taking into account that the Wi-Fi module Intel Compute Stick doesn't support 802.11ac and that we're running an SoC, a Remote Desktop session might have been too taxing for the device. But after the first session, the time to start the program decreased. However, by connecting an 802.11ac USB network adapter to Intel Compute Stick, we did not notice any difference in response.
Intel Compute Stick Review | Equipment
In the box with the sample that we received for testing, we found the following components:
- Intel Compute Stick with Windows 8.1 Bing 32-bit preinstalled;
- USB AC power adapter, 5V, 2A;
- USB cable for power adapter, 75 cm long;
- HDMI extension cable 20 cm long;
- adapters for power sockets of different standards.
According to Intel, the retail version Intel Compute Stick will have the same equipment, plus instructions and user manual.
Intel Compute Stick Review | Additional accessories
Since you only get 32 GB of storage in the Windows version, you shouldn't ignore the possibility of expanding it using a microSD card. The device supports cards up to 128GB, which is worth taking advantage of. The built-in flash memory won't last long, especially if you save files locally, so extra storage space won't hurt.
In addition, you can use cloud storage. Considering that Intel Compute Stick Runs Windows 8.1, there are many options available for cloud storage. For example, Microsoft OneDrive, Dropbox and Google Drive provide free storage of a certain capacity, but you will have to pay extra for additional space on such a drive.
Accessories for Intel Compute Stick
Using a Bluetooth keyboard and mouse makes sense because it allows you to keep the only USB port free. Wireless technologies Intel Compute Stick frees the user from wires dangling on the floor. If you can't use a Bluetooth keyboard and mouse, you can buy a wireless USB keyboard with trackpad or a set consisting of a keyboard and mouse with a common USB receiver.
Also not out of place on the list would be a USB hub with external power supply, which allows you to connect devices, especially peripherals, with a power consumption of more than 500 mA. Because the Intel Compute Stick only supports USB 2.0, a corresponding hub will be inexpensive. USB 2.0 hubs are great for USB card readers, keyboards, mice or webcams. If the speed of the built-in wireless module is not enough for you, you can install a wired USB controller or a faster USB Wi-Fi adapter.
list of tested compatibility with Intel Compute Stick peripherals can be found at intel.com.
Intel Compute Stick Review | Testing methodology
For testing Intel Compute Stick we had to borrow a few techniques from reviews of tablets and networking equipment. It was also necessary to take into account the low performance of the device. We understand that this is not a gaming system or a workstation, so we have set appropriate expectations. In addition to performance, we are interested in functionality Intel Compute Stick as an additional computing resource for a TV or monitor.
To test the processor, graphics and storage, we connected Intel Compute Stick to a 24-inch Asus VS247 monitor with an HDMI port.
Web tests were carried out on the same Asus monitor, and to analyze network throughput at different distances between a dual-lane Asus RT-AC66U router with an ASRock VisionX mini-PC connected to it via Ethernet (Core i7-4712MQ, AMD HD8850M GPU, 8 GB RAM , 256 GB SSD and 2 TB HDD) we used a small cart.
The Atom z3735F quad-core processor was tested using Primate Lab Geekbench 3. Geekbench is a cross-platform benchmark designed to test CPU and memory performance. One of the main advantages of Geekbench is access to a large database of Primate Labs tested devices, including Windows, iOS and Android platforms. Today we are interested in single-core and multi-core tests using integer and floating point calculations, as well as tasks that load RAM.
We will check the speed of sequential and random I/O operations on the Samsung integrated drive using CrystalDiskMark.
The PassMark Advanced Networking module allows you to test end-to-end transmission speeds over Wi-Fi. The program is installed on each computer in a client/server configuration. On one it runs as a server, on the other - as a client. To test TCP traffic from Intel Compute Stick On ASRock Mini-PC we used the standard fixed block size of 16384 bytes. Test results show received and transmitted data, average speed in kbps and processor load. Considering that Intel Compute Stick only supports 2.4GHz transmission, we limited other devices in our network comparison tests to the same range.
Experimenting with computing system formats, Intel introduced the ultra-compact Compute Stick platform. A full-fledged PC with a quad-core processor, a wireless network controller, internal memory and Windows 8.1 on board is designed in the form of a large key fob. What is this, a bold experiment by the manufacturer or the birth of a new format of computing systems? Let's take a look at what to expect from a PC like this.
Compact systems similar in size to large flash key fobs are no longer very exotic. Similar platforms based on chips with ARM architecture and Android/Chrom OS have been on the market for some time. But this is the first time we’ve actually seen a PC of this form factor with an x86 processor and the Windows 8.1 operating system. And it is not surprising that such a solution was proposed by Intel, which has recently been increasingly developing the direction of miniature computers.
Contents of delivery
The system comes in a neat, fairly compact box.
The kit includes an external power supply with a power of 10 W (5V, 2A) with a set of adapters for various standards of electrical outlets, an HDMI extension cable (20 cm), a quick user guide and a coupon for a one-year subscription to McAfee AntiVirus Plus.
Design and Layout
So, Intel Compute Stick has dimensions of 103x37x12 mm. The system is offered as a complete solution. All you need to operate a PC is a screen with an HDMI interface and control peripherals (keyboard/mouse).
The system body is made of black plastic. The top panel has a glossy finish. Of course, in this case the eye catches on such nuances of the external decor, but so do the fingerprints that inevitably remain on such a surface. There are no special design delights here. Often this computer will be hidden from the eyes of the owner, because even in the external design of the system, everything is primarily subordinated to the functionality of the device.
On the top panel you can immediately distinguish two zones with grilles for exhausting heated air, through one of which a miniature fan is visible. In the central part there is a large and clearly readable Intel Inside logo. Closer to the top edge there is an activity indicator that lights up blue while the system is operating.
On the left side of the stick there is a power button, a micro-USB connector for connecting an external power supply, as well as a full-length USB 2.0 port, which can be used to connect any peripherals.
On the right panel there is a slot for installing Micro SD memory cards up to 128 GB.
There are no elements on the back of the Intel Compute Stick. Almost the entire panel is occupied by a sticker with supporting information.
There is an HDMI connector on the bottom panel.
All you need to do to connect the Intel Compute Stick is connect it to the appropriate port on your monitor/TV. Due to the shape of the case, it is obvious that not all devices will allow you to directly connect a PC. In such cases, the included flexible HDMI extender is very useful. Unfortunately, the video interface cannot provide power to the Compute Stick, so an additional external source is required for the system to operate. For these purposes, a 10-watt power supply (5V, 2A) with the usual micro-USB connector is used. The USB cable from the power supply is 95 cm long, so it is advisable to have a free electrical outlet within reach. Theoretically, the system can be powered even from the USB connectors located on the TV/monitor, but only if these ports can provide the necessary power.
Platform
The Intel Compute Stick is equipped with an Intel Atom Z3735F processor from the Bay Trail-T family. This is a quad-core SoC model with a base frequency of 1.33 GHz, which can accelerate up to 1.83 GHz under load.
These chips use the Silvermont architecture and are manufactured according to the 22-nanometer process technology. The thermal package of the CPU is less than 4 W, while the SDP is 2.2 W. Overall, this is a typical model used for tablets based on the Intel platform. Slightly faster versions of this family are also used for affordable models of compact laptops.
The built-in Intel HD Graphics video core includes 4 execution units, and the GPU frequency can vary between 311–664 MHz.
The Intel Atom Z3735F memory controller allows 2 GB in single-channel mode (DDR3L-1333). This is exactly the amount of RAM installed in the Intel Compute Stick modification in question. The system also features a built-in 32GB eMMC flash storage (Samsung MBG4GC). The Realtek RTL8723BS controller is responsible for working with wireless networks, providing communication via Wi-Fi 802.11bgn (1×1, 150 Mb/s) and Bluetooth 4.0.
The Intel Compute Stick modification in question is initially equipped with the Windows 8.1 operating system with Bing, which obviously can be painlessly upgraded to Windows 10 after its announcement. This uses a 32-bit version of the OS, which is quite logical, given the available amount of RAM.
Performance and usage nuances
Obviously, the system performance in this case is determined by the processor used. In general, we have already repeatedly reviewed the capabilities of PCs and tablets based on Intel Bay Trail family of chips. As one of the manufacturer's slogans used for the Compute Stick says, “We reduced the size of the system, but not its performance.” And this is actually true. First, some results from synthetic tests.
The results are quite expected. Yes, the speed indicators are not amazing, especially in terms of graphics capabilities. In this regard, I would really like to see a Compute Stick based on 14-nanometer Chery Trail chips, which have become even more economical, a little more productive and have integrated graphics of the 8th generation (Gen 8) with 12 computing modules and support for DirectX 11.2. Unfortunately, the company presented these SoCs only in March, while the Inte Compute Stick was announced back at January CES 2015. Surely we will see new processors as part of “computing sticks,” but of the next generation.
The capabilities of the current system are quite sufficient for a fairly wide range of tasks. There are no problems with opening several heavy pages with complex layouts. Although you shouldn’t be particularly zealous here either. Browsers require more and more RAM, and with only 2 GB of RAM, you have to curb your appetite. Otherwise, the responsiveness of the system is reduced. The Compute Stick handles office applications confidently. Serious, voluminous projects are unlikely to be processed on such a system, but relatively simple documents can be edited quite comfortably.
The gaming capabilities of the Intel Compute Stick are not great. The built-in graphics core will provide a comfortable level of fps only in simple casual projects. A compact PC looks much more confident in the form of a universal media player.
The list of video formats for which hardware decoding is supported is quite convincing. With DXVA support, the system can easily handle streams with bitrates up to 100 Mb/s.
When using the Intel Compute Stick, you should take a rational approach to the selection of applications used and the list of tasks assigned to the system. Here, in general, the same approaches and principles work as for mobile systems with basic performance. You can try to work with layers in Photoshop or start editing a video, but this is a thankless task. Each task has its own tool.
The version of Intel Compute Stick in question is equipped with a 32 GB eMMC drive. In this case, part of the disk is allocated for a backup partition, which is necessary for the possibility of system recovery. A significant part of the drive is initially occupied by Windows 8.1 Bing. After the first launch, before updating the operating system and installing additional applications, the system owner has approximately 19.5 GB of free disk space at his disposal. As practice shows, such volumes are processed very quickly. The disk subsystem can be expanded by additionally installing a Micro SD flash card up to 128 GB.
As for the performance of the internal drive, its speed indicators are more likely to be expected for eMMC - not very fast, but quite tolerable, especially for a drive installed in a PC of such a compact format.
To connect additional peripherals, Intel Compute Stick offers one full-length USB 2.0 port. On the one hand, it’s great that in principle it is available on a platform of such dimensions, on the other hand, one USB connector is not enough for many situations. The examples begin with the inability to connect the usual wired mouse and keyboard. Obviously, in this case it is worth taking care of a wireless kit in advance. Although, this is not without nuances. For sets with a radio module, you need to connect an external receiver to the system, which will actually occupy the only USB connector. Peripherals connected via Bluetooth in this case are perhaps preferable. But it’s important not to go cheap here – the most affordable mice/keyboards with Bluetooth often suffer from mediocre responsiveness during operation.
The issue of connecting peripherals is radically solved here by a USB hub with 4–8 additional ports. It is also worth considering here that the USB port on the Compute Stick offers a current of up to 500 mA, that is, the total power of connected consumers should not exceed 2.5 W. It will not be possible to connect several external hard drives and wired peripherals to the hub at once. For such a body kit you need an active USB hub with additional power. Such a device radically solves the problem, but it requires another electrical outlet, and in general, in this configuration the topology of the platform changes somewhat. Instead of a simple compact solution, we get a branched system with a lot of additional wires, which requires three free sockets for operation.
Power consumption, noise and heat
In rest mode, the “baby” with the wireless receiver installed in the USB connector consumes about 3–3.5 W. When there is no load, the cooling system operates in passive mode, and the SoC heats up to 45–50C. After some activities, when the processor temperature reaches 60 degrees, the fan starts. It was not possible to register its rotation speed using known utilities. It is subjectively felt that the rotation speed varies within a certain range depending on the heating of the processor. During maximum load on the computing cores, the CPU temperature rose to 70 degrees.
The noise level emitted by the fan is low, but in a quiet home environment, if the stick is connected to a work monitor, it is not difficult to hear it. If the system is connected to a TV installed at a distance of 2-3 meters from the user, then the presence of a fan should definitely not be confusing. The same is true for working in an office environment. Of course, the ideal option would be to use a passive cooling system, which would eliminate all issues with the level of noise emitted. But, as we see, Intel relied on effective heat removal and safe temperature conditions for the system.
Under load on the CPU and GPU units, the system's power consumption is about 8–9 W, while when watching HD video, the Compute Stick's consumption is 5–6 W. This is not the 20-30 W that a NUC class system requires. The difference is quite noticeable, but this is exactly what we expected from a PC with such a compact form factor and economical hardware platform.
Price
Intel Compute Stick will be available in two versions. A version with 2 GB of RAM, a 32 GB drive and the Windows 8.1 operating system with Bing is already offered in the US market for $149. The model with Linux Ubuntu 14.04 LTS will cost $110, but this version will be equipped with 1 GB of RAM and an internal disk with a capacity of 8 GB. The price is relatively low, but at the same time it is not an ultra-budget solution. In the nascent segment of stick computing, cost matters a lot. The price range is different and $20–30 is already a significant difference. To the cost of the device you should also add the amount required to purchase a mouse/keyboard set, and if you are going to actively use additional peripherals, then you cannot do without purchasing a USB hub.
When making a choice in the direction of “key fob” format systems, you need quite strong arguments and a justified model for using an ultra-compact platform, because slightly more expensive mini-PCs offer wider functionality.
Results
Intel Compute Stick allows you to turn any TV or monitor with an HDMI output into a full-fledged system suitable for work. With a familiar operating system and a set of necessary applications. When you see solutions like the Intel Compute Stick, you can especially feel the progress of computing systems. The capabilities of a PC, which not so long ago required a classic system unit, are now implemented in a keychain that gets lost in a shirt pocket. Yes, of course, such a “stick” will not fully replace a desktop or laptop, and it certainly does not pretend to be the only computer in the house. However, at a relatively low cost, it can turn a large TV into another computer that can cope with everyday tasks and network activities, and also allows you to watch videos in various formats and slightly entertain yourself with casual games.
Intel Compute Stick is the manufacturer's first iteration in this segment. The platform is not ideal yet; at least there are certain parameters that I would like to improve. Of course, such a compact solution has its own nuances of use, but if the spirit of technical adventurism is alive in you, then such a PC will be very interesting even as an object for experimentation. At the same time, the ease of connection and the initial readiness of the system for operation allows us not to limit the circle of potential owners of Intel Compute Stick only to enthusiasts.
Liked
Very compact dimensions
Performance sufficient for everyday tasks
Availability of a full-size USB port
Micro SD card slot (up to 128 GB)
HDMI extender included
Operating system Windows 8.1 with Bing
Did not like
- Modest integrated graphics capabilities
— Active cooling system
— Small amount of internal storage
MOYO
Intel processor performance growth has slowed noticeably in recent years, but significant progress has been made in reducing power consumption and improving performance per watt. The result has been a noticeable surge in interest in mini-ITX and smaller form factors, which have evolved from niche toys to viable mainstream solutions. Perhaps the Intel Compute Stick, which is a full-fledged computer slightly larger than a USB drive, is the culmination of this trend. Today we are looking at this outlandish device and deciding whether it can be applied to anything on the farm.
Getting to know your device
The Intel Compute Stick comes in a small box, similar in size to a cell phone box. In the box itself, in addition to the computer itself, there is a power supply, a USB-microUSB cable and an HDMI extension cable. The latter is welcome, since the body of the Compute Stick is quite wide. If you plug it directly into the TV, it can block adjacent connectors (in our case this is what happened).
The number of connectors and controls on the Compute Stick is minimal. On one of the sides there is a USB 2.0 port, a microUSB connector (which powers the device) and a power button. On the other side is a slot for microSD memory cards. There is nothing in the upper part of the case except the holes for the cooling system, and the entire lower surface is occupied by an extensive sticker with information about the device.
It is worth noting that the Atom Z3735F processor installed in the Compute Stick is used in numerous tablets without active cooling. However, here it is cooled by a miniature fan, which rotates at high speed and emits a very nasty (albeit quiet) high-frequency howl. The problem is aggravated by the fact that the fan speed depends on the load on the processor and integrated graphics. Personally, I experienced quite a lot of discomfort when using the Compute Stick with an office monitor at a typical distance for such a scenario (less than a meter). However, if you connect a computer to a large-diagonal TV, then at a typical TV viewing distance of 2-3 meters, its acoustic characteristics do not cause discomfort.
Performance
The Intel Compute Stick is a typical Atom processor device. Today's Atom is not nearly as helpless as it was a few years ago, so its performance is quite sufficient for tasks such as working with documents, web surfing, watching videos (including high definition) and even simple games. Unfortunately, we were unable to make formal performance measurements for a reason that will be discussed in more detail below.
Problems
Let's say right away that when testing the Intel Compute Stick, we encountered a number of problems. Let's list them all.
System disk capacity
The built-in eMMC storage capacity of the Intel Compute Stick is only 32 GB, which is a bit narrow in itself. Of this 32 GB, approximately 9 GB is taken up by the operating system's recovery partition, so the user has to deal with a 23 GB system partition, of which less than 17 GB is free. After several rounds of installing updates to the Windows 8.1 operating system, the amount of free space on the drive drops below the 10 GB level, which leads to big problems when installing updates and applications. In particular, because of this, we were unable to install the 3DMark test on the Compute Stick.
Low speed with memory cards
When using a high-quality UHS-I microSD memory card from SanDisk in the Compute Stick, we obtained write speeds of about 5 MB/s and read speeds of 17 MB/s. In an Apple MacBook Pro laptop, the same memory card showed a write speed of 33 MB/s and a read speed of 49 MB/s. It’s not hard to guess that this puts a big, bold end to the ability to fully use a microSD card as an ersatz disk for installing applications.
Ugly Wi-Fi adapter
The Intel Compute Stick uses a Realtek RTL8723BS dual-band wireless module with support for Wi-Fi 802.11n. It does not support MIMO, so the maximum theoretical data transfer speed with the access point is limited to 150 Mbps. In practice, with our editorial router TP-LINK WDR4300 (802.11n / 5 GHz), the data transfer speed did not exceed 10 Mbit/s, and such things as working with email, web surfing, etc. were problematic. At the same time, the laptop standing next to it on the table behaved completely normally when working with the same access point.
Possible use cases
What can you use the Intel Compute Stick for? Several options come to mind.
Intel Compute Stick and Wireless Keyboard with Touchpad - HTPC Kit
- Office PC(in combination with a monitor equipped with an HDMI connector). In my opinion, the Compute Stick would be quite good as an ultra-budget machine for working with documents and playing solitaire (especially if you replace Windows with Linux).
- HTPC. The Intel HD Graphics built into the Atom processor supports hardware decoding of HD video in a variety of formats, so the device is interesting as an HTPC (especially if you use special shell programs like Kodi). Personally, I see only two obstacles to this: firstly, the Compute Stick cannot output high-definition audio streams via HDMI (Dolby TrueHD and DTS-HD), and secondly, the poor performance of the Wi-Fi module makes video streaming over the network problematic . However, if desired, the second problem can be solved (for example, using an Ethernet adapter with a USB interface). In this scenario, the built-in Bluetooth module will be relevant, which can be used to connect a keyboard and mouse.
- Thin client. Well, everything is clear here.
I would like to add that in the office we use a mini-PC connected to the TV for presentations, access to the websites under discussion, etc. This mini-PC was built four years ago, its cost at that time was about 600 dollars. Today, with certain reservations, it could well be replaced with an Intel Compute Stick, which costs only $139, takes up no space at all and consumes much less electricity.
Bottom line
The Intel Compute Stick is a device that has a lot of problems (see the "Problems" section above). However, at the same time, this is one of the most interesting devices that have come into my hands over the past few years. The fact that a full-fledged computer can be crammed into a flash drive form factor and sold for $139 is in itself surprising and gives hope that it can be used for the widespread computerization of schools and in other similar projects. Personally, I believe that the next generation of Compute Stick will be free from childhood ailments, but for now, in my opinion, you should refrain from purchasing it.
The editors would like to thank the MOYO chain of stores for kindly providing the Intel Compute Stick for review.
4 reasons to buy Intel Compute Stick:
- low cost;
- performance sufficient for simple tasks;
- trouble-free playback of HD video of different formats;
- ultra-compact form factor.
2 reasons not to buy Intel Compute Stick:
- a large number of childhood “sores”;
- noisy active cooling system.
The target audience that may find the Compute Stick useful for household use is quite clearly defined. Firstly, these are people who need a full-fledged personal computer always and everywhere. For example, for constant presentations using x86-compatible software. Put the device in your pocket and you're done. Secondly, these are users who use the computer exclusively for Internet surfing and simple office applications. Thirdly, the Compute Stick may be of interest to those who want to turn it into a media player and connect it directly to the TV, thereby getting a 2-in-1 device. The mini-computer reviewed today copes with all these tasks.
In my opinion, it makes no sense to make serious claims about the Compute Stick's performance. In a tiny form factor with an area of 30x90 mm they fit something that can work stably with a minimum of energy consumption and very low heat generation. It turned out well. The stated 32 GB of memory may not be enough for some, but in this case there is always the opportunity to increase disk space by purchasing an SD card. But we have the right to demand quieter (ideally silent) operation from the Compute Stick.
Perhaps the only thing seriously disappointing about the device is its price. Not everyone will be able/willing to pay more than ten thousand rubles for a mini-computer. That's why Compute Stick is a thing in itself. That is, a device intended for a narrow circle of people. However, it clearly demonstrates the level to which high technology has grown. To the point where computers that fit comfortably in your pocket are becoming commonplace.
